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How to shoot a basketball with backspin
How to shoot a basketball with backspin
Backspin is Important to Your Basketball Free Throw! A SOLIDWORKS Simulation Study
A free throw in basketball is a shot about precision and consistency. Error margins are tight, so players implement techniques to improve their chances. One vital technique is to put backspin on the ball. In this article, we will run a motion and aerodynamic analysis using SOLIDWORKS Motion and SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation to look at why backspin is important by comparing it to a shot without spin. We will look at two important factors along the way:
- Bounce mechanics
- Knuckleball mechanics
Related Article: SOLIDWORKS Motion: A Tip for Handling Performance "Hogs"
Setup
Using SOLIDWORKS, we can accurately position the ball at the free-throw line (figure 1) and reliably shoot a free throw the same way every time, varying only one parameter at a time.![]()
This way, we can answer specific questions without too many confounding variables.
Figure 1 – SOLIDWORKS CAD setup at the free-throw line
In this test, we varied the speed of the basketball while holding the angle constant, and we tested with 3 RPS (revolutions per second) of spin (figure 2). Then we also did the same test without spin.
Figure 2 - Initial Velocity and Rotation are setup in SOLIDWORKS Motion
We included drag forces on the ball, which will affect its natural parabolic path and give us more accurate results. Figure 3 shows an example equation of the Y-component of the drag force.
Figure 3 - Drag force Y-component depends on velocities
Springs were included on the hoop (figure 4) to mimic the deflection that occurs when the basketball hits the front of the rim.
Figure 4 - Springs on the basketball hoop for more accurate bounce mechanics
With this setup in mind, we are now ready to run our tests.
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Bounce Mechanics One of the most telling results we got was when we shot the ball at around 7.78 m/s and it hit the front of the rim. See if you can spot the difference in performance between the exact same shot without spin (left) and with spin (right) in animation shown below.
Figure 5 - Shot at 7.78m/s to hit the front of the rim at the same spot. Left : No Spin; Right : 3RPS spin
The backspin slows the ball down when it contacts the hoop. We tested with many speeds and summarized the results in Figure 6.
Figure 6 - Summary of shots at varying speeds. Orange zones are missed shots.
As you can see in this figure, we can potentially make shots by undershooting with no spin, but there is an unreliable zone where the ball has too much energy and tends to bounce out.
If we look at the reliable region, our margin for error looks a lot bigger when the spin is added. See the comparison of these regions in Figure 7.
Figure 7 - Side-by-side comparison of shot margin. More than 20% larger when spin is added
According to this test, adding backspin will increase our margin of error by a little more than 20%.
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Knuckleball Mechanics Another factor that can make a big difference between a shot without spin versus one with spin is aerodynamics. Since basketball shots must be both consistent and precise, the knuckleball effect (as seen in baseball) can influence the error margins significantly on a shot with no spin. Figure 8 shows the same two shots going through the air with lift forces plotted beneath them.
Figure 8 - Shot aerodynamics and lift forces.
Left : No spin; Right : 3RPS spin
The lift force on the shot with spin (right) has a stable average lift force which swings up and down roughly in-sync with the rotation of the ball.
In contrast, the average lift force on the shot with no spin (left) shifts upward in this animation.
This upward shift is difficult to predict and could have shifted downward or even not at all if the initial conditions had been slightly different. The shift depends on a few factors, but primarily in this case, the position of the seams has the biggest impact.
The animation below shows how a slight change of angle can have a big impact on the lift force direction.
Figure 9 - Knuckleball effect: Slight change in initial angle can lead to big differences in lift
But what does this mean for our shot? If the lift force points up in the beginning of our shot and then switches in the middle, it pulls the shot off away from its average path (figure 10).
Figure 10 - Knuckleball effect on the flight path of the ball. Average path shown in blue.
Compare this to a shot with the average lift being relatively constant and where the fluctuations quickly cancel themselves out along the way (figure 11).
Figure 11 - Ball with 3RPS spin. Average path shown in blue.
If we zoom in and look at how far away from the average path these shots get, the difference is clear (figure 12).
Figure 12 - Knuckleball can push the ball far away from its mean path (large red margin) compared to having spin
And the effect this has on our error margins creates a compelling argument for adding spin to your free throws (figure 13).
Figure 13 - Error margins updated to include these knuckleball zones. Consistent zone almost 80% larger
Looking at the consistent zones, this represents almost an 80% improvement.
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Conclusion Setting up virtual experiments in SOLIDWORKS Motion and SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation is often a lot easier, faster, and more consistent than setting up real physical experiments or prototypes.
Fortunately, in basketball, there are a lot of “experimenters” already out there on the field to test these theories and their overall conclusion is the same: backspin helps.
To learn more about how SOLIDWORKS Motion or SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation can help you on running your virtual experiments, please contact our support or schedule a session with one of our engineers.
Blooper Bonus Shots
Figure 14 - A couple funny shots that did not make it into the error margin chart
5 of the Biggest Basketball Shooting Mistakes (And How to Fix Them)
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By Joe Haefner
For most of these fixes, you are going to need to start away from the hoop and take hundreds and thousands of shots. You
can find a wall and do this by yourself or find a line and shoot it back and forth to a partner.
Once you begin to feel comfortable with your adjustment, take hundreds of shots really close to the basket
and gradually move out.
- Thumb on Shooting Hand
Players often have the ball sit on the tip of their thumb on their shooting hand. This position is awkward and forces the body to strain to hold the proper shooting form. In order to be a good shooter, you have to be comfortable.
It you don't strain, your elbow sticks too far out.
How do you fix it?
You need to have the ball rest on the side of the thumb rather than on the tip of the thumb on every shot. It may feel awkward at first, but it will help tremendously and more of your shots will travel to the dead-center of the rim. If you can not determine when you are doing this, you may need to have someone critique your shot or video tape it.
- Thumb on Guide Hand
Some players flick the ball with their thumb on the guide hand when shooting the basketball.
This will cause serious problems for the shooter and the ball will often spray left and right. It's tough enough to judge the distance, yet add another factor of left and right into the equation.
Most players develop this problem when they are too weak to get the ball to the rim, and the habit carries through their teenage and adult years.
How do you fix it?
You can squeeze your thumb against the index finger on your guide hand. This will not let you shoot the ball with the thumb. If the problem still continues, take your guide hand off of the ball by about a half-inch and shoot with one hand. Make sure your guide hand stays still.
You can also use a shooting strap to keep your guide hand and thumb still. This is a very effective way to break this habit and keep your guide hand from moving. We have found the j-strap is very effective and recommend it to solve this problem.
- Unnecessary Jerky Movements
These jerky movements can cause you to become an inconsistent shooter:
- Twisting the body.
- Fading backwards, and to the left or right.
How do you fix it?
You need to evaluate when this jerky movement is happening and what type of jerky movement is occurring. This may mean you need to video tape your shot if you have nobody to help.
Two major reasons players twist their body when they shoot is:
- Their feet are not aligned correctly.
- They bring their guide hand down too early.
Make sure your feet line up correctly before every shot. This means you may need to pivot more as you receive the pass or as you step into your shot off the dribble. If you use a hop, make sure that you are turning enough while in the air to align your feet properly as you land. If your feet are not set correctly, this will force your body to twist while shooting to try to compensate for it.
If you bring your guide hand down too early, it brings extra movement into your shot that causes you to twist your body.
If you don't believe me, sit in your chair and shoot with one hand and bring your guide hand down to your waist at the same time. What naturally happens? Your torso will twist.
That's why it is important to keep your guide hand extended in the correct position.
Pro players use this method to stop their upper-body from twisting when they take shots when they
are off-balance or their feet are not aligned appropriately. It helps keep their upper body
from twisting during the shot. I do NOT advise for players under the age of 18 to practice this shot, because it can mess up your mechanics.
A good way to stop leaning is to step towards the basket on the catch. This brings your momentum towards the basket rather than fading or leaning.
You may also have analyzed when the player starts to jerk their body or lean in a certain direction. The player may only do a jerky movement when dribbling to the left and pulling up for a jumper.
If this happens, they need to take hundreds and thousands of repetitions doing that same type of shot with great shooting form.
- No Arc - Flat Shot - Flinging the wrist.
If you are missing a lot of shots because you have a flat shot or you don't seem to get many shooter's bounces, it could be because you are flinging your wrist or have a flat shot.
You can check to see if you have this problem by bringing the ball to your set point and then bringing it straight down. If your shooting-hand lands on top of your head (or the back of your head) instead of grazing your forehead, then you've got a bad set point.
How do you fix it?
Move the ball forward so that when you bring it straight down, the back of your shooting hand grazes your forehead. Practice shooting to yourself from this position until it becomes your new set point.
You should reinforce your new set point by daily form shooting close to the basket. In fact, you should rebuild your shot slowly by stepping back one step at a time as you establish consistency from a given range, using the new set point.
- Shooting after the Top of your Jump.
Players who shoot past the top of their jump will often develop a hitch and jerky shot. The same with players who try to jump as high as they can on every shot.
A player should focus on shooting before the top of their jump for a few different reasons:
- Quicker release. If you shoot before the top of your release, it gives the defender less time to recover to defend the shot.
- Make more shots. The shot is fluid which results in a smoother and softer shot because you don't stop the shot motion at any point in your shot.
- Longer range. If you shoot at or after the top of your shot, it takes a lot more upper body strength to get the ball to the rim. If you shoot as you are going up, the momentum from your legs help carry the ball a lot farther. Try shooting away from the hoop when doing this.
How do you fix it?
This one is pretty simple. You need thousands of repetitions shooting the basketball before the top of your jump.
In order to fix any of these problems, you are going to have be persistent and focused. "Sometimes, you have to take two steps backwards, to take three steps forwards." What that means is that your shot will most likely become worse before it gets better. Always keep the long-term in perspective. Who cares if you don't shoot the ball well during summer league, if you'll be able to shoot lights out once basketball season rolls around!
To learn more about improving your shot, we recommend...Basketball Shooting Guide
One Motion Shooting Video
Attack & Counter Shooting Workouts App
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Basketball coaching hacks: how to score goals for beginners
Even if you are a novice basketball player, we will not give you a training plan, but we will tell you why the ball flies anywhere but into the ring and into your hands.
It's all about technique: even with regular training and perseverance, novice adults and children often make simple mistakes. It's a shame, let's fix it. Below are 11 life hacks on how to hone your technique to increase the likelihood of a goal for your team.
Basketball Shot Rules for Beginners
1. Hands up
In pursuit of the attacker, raise your hands, even if you are standing with your back to the pass, and even more so if the ring is in front of you. Your raised hands will increase the chance of intercepting the ball from the opponent by 2 times. Don't overlook this little thing!
2. Make shield rolls
Even Tim Duncan did not neglect them! A square is drawn on the basketball backboard. If you are standing opposite the ring, then aim at the middle of the upper part of the square, if you are standing on the side, then at the corner. If you hit this square, then the ball is at 90% of cases will fall into the ring. The law of physics and no cheating!
3.
Look at the ring, not at the ball
Practice driving the ball with your hand, not your eyes, develop tactile control. Your eyes should be on the hoop while dribbling and be aware of the position of your body in relation to the hoop. Then you will be able to take the correct posture, and the throw will be effective.
4. Dribble with the balls of your fingers only
The palm should not touch the ball, only the pads of the fingers. Dribbling should become familiar to you, like an extension of your hand. Then you can change its trajectory at any time and you will have more chances to score goals. Practice with the ball constantly.
5. Throw with one hand
If you throw the ball with two hands, you reduce the chance of hitting the basket. All the efforts of the throw are in one hand (in the right for right-handers, in the left for left-handers). The other hand only holds the ball, the leading one holds it with the fingers, not the palm.
6.
Do not jump when protecting the ring
Jumping is the main mistake of rookie defenders. To intercept the ball and block the shot, simply stick out your hands. When you are in a jump, the attacker will easily bypass you.
7. Don't look back
When you dribble, don't look back, but dribble and aim for the ring, focus on shooting (or passing to another player on your team).
8. Bring the throw to automatism
Incorporate the most basic basketball techniques into your training plan and bring the shot to automatism. Throw first from a distance of half a meter from the ring, gradually increasing it. Learn to throw the ball so that it hits the hoop without touching the edge.
Throw the ball with all fives and jump
Throwing Rules:
- Head in the center of the body - if tilted, accuracy is lost.
- Look at the ring: mentally build a trajectory. If you are far away, the ball flies in a curved curve with a maximum height of 2 meters above the hoop.
- A strong hand is in front and throws, a weak hand is on the side and directs, only holding the ball. The elbow of the throwing hand must be in line with the ring.
- The ball must rest on the fingers without touching the palm. The fingers are as far apart as possible and grab the ball.
- Throwing arm bent 90 degrees, forearm perpendicular to the floor. If you bend less, then you get not a throw, but a throwing of the ball horizontally.
The main thing in the throw is the position of the body and its balance. Place your feet apart and parallel to each other: it is important to orient them in the middle of the basket. Then the direction of the body during the jump will coincide with the direction of the throw, and the ball will fly straight into the ring. When the feet are uneven, the ball flies in the wrong direction or does not reach (although the throw was normal).
Take a deep breath and release as you exhale.
How to hold the ball and shoot in basketball
How to throw correctly: straighten your arm, point your wrist up, and with your hand set the ball to rotate in the opposite direction from the flight. The ball should seem to "roll" off your fingers.
9. Copy masters and play as a team
Watch professional basketball games and try to copy the movements of your favorite players in training. And be sure to conduct game sparring - this will allow you to develop more techniques.
10. Do not throw in a straight line
The higher the arc of the ball, the greater the chance of a goal and the less chance of blocking by the opponent.
11. Do not throw the ball from a full height stand
This is the biggest newbie mistake!
Before the throw, bend your knees slightly and at the moment of the throw, straighten your body, making a jump. You need to straighten up and push off the ground at the same time. When squatting, keep the elbow of the throwing arm close to the body and towards the ring.
The jump will give momentum to the ball and will allow you not to make sudden movements with the brush.
***
And to be a long-term player, do not forget about your health: take care of your joints and muscles, use tapes, do a warm-up. And be sure to strengthen your arms, legs and shoulder girdle, develop coordination. Regular exercises on uneven bars and horizontal bars will help you with this.
Throwing the ball into the basket | Technique of the game
The technique of some types of throws is similar in many respects to passes. The main difference lies in the speed of the ball, its trajectory and degree of rotation.
Accuracy is of primary importance when throwing, which depends on a number of reasons, and above all on the technically correct and constantly identical execution of the throw, on the rotation and trajectory of the ball.
Ball spin . Usually, when flying, the ball rotates in one direction.
The direction of rotation and its intensity depend on the movement of the hands and fingers at the moment the ball is released from the hands. In some cases, when the throw is made with a jerky movement, rotation is almost eliminated. If players are aware of how spin affects the flight of the ball, then this will increase the accuracy of the throws. In most cases, when throwing, the ball receives rotation around the horizontal axis in the direction opposite to its movement, or, as it is commonly called, “reverse” rotation.
Spinning the ball around the horizontal axis makes it fly straight, while lateral spin causes the ball to lean to the side, so its use is very limited. A ball thrown with reverse rotation, hitting the edge of the ring, is "cut off" and falls into the basket; when flying without rotation or with translational rotation, it may bounce. The same thing happens when hitting a shield.
Ball trajectory . The path of the ball from the point of its departure to the center of the ring is called the trajectory of the ball.
There can be an infinite number of types of trajectories. On fig. 14 shows the main types of trajectories.
The first trajectory is the shortest, but nevertheless it is disadvantageous, as it is too flat: the ball enters the basket with an almost horizontal direction of flight, as a result of which more than half of the ring is covered by the front of the rim.
15 shaded area of the ring, closed to access the ball, with different flight paths.
The second trajectory is more hinged, making it easier for the ball to hit the basket. True, the path of the ball increases, which affects the accuracy of the hit.
The third trajectory is the most hinged, the ball falls almost vertically, due to which a large part of the ring is exposed to it, however, a significant increase in the ball's path reduces the accuracy of the hit.
From the characteristics of different flight trajectories, it can be seen that the second (middle) is the most favorable, so in most cases it is advisable to throw the ball with just such a flight trajectory.
Landmark value . If the player is a few meters from the post, against the backboard or at an angle of at least 45 ° to it, then it is more profitable to throw the ball directly into the basket (fig. 16), trying to throw the ball over the front edge of the basket. The leading edge of the basket, which must be looked at, is the best reference when throwing, as it is always at the same height and is clearly visible. Throws with a constant point of aim increase accuracy. The shield behind the basket is a good backdrop. The background is even better in open areas if there are trees behind the shields. When a player turns to the backboard at an angle less than 45°, then the orientation to the basket deteriorates because the backboard is already losing its background value, and then it becomes more expedient to shoot with a reflection from the backboard. Depending on the angle at which the throw occurs, the point where the ball touches the backboard will always change, which makes it difficult to calculate the throw.
With the extreme lateral position of the player (less than 10 °), it is no longer possible to use the shield, and, despite the difficulty of orientation, it should be thrown directly into the basket. In the immediate vicinity of the shield (2-3 m) it is more profitable to throw with a rebound from the shield, especially while on the move. The inaccuracy of the throw is corrected by a soft hit on the backboard, making it easier to hit the basket.
However, it is always necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the players and, if necessary, allow deviations from the above instructions.
Concentration and relaxation . Each throw should be treated responsibly. For this you need to focus. One has only to treat the throws casually, as the results will immediately decrease. But at the same time, it is important that concentration does not fetter the player. If you throw hard, the ball, as a rule, will not reach the basket or fly with a very shallow trajectory.
At the final moment of each throw, the player must always relax, it is especially important that the hands and fingers relax. Thanks to relaxation, the smooth flight of the ball is achieved, which contributes to the accuracy of the throw. If the ball does not pass cleanly into the basket, touches the ring, then during a smooth flight it is cut off from the rim or hits the opposite edge of the ring and in both cases falls into the basket. With a sharp throw, if the ball hits the same part of the rim, it will in most cases fly off the basket.
Throws are described first with two hands, then with one hand. Different methods of throws are distributed according to the degree of technical difficulty of execution.
Throw with two hands from below (fig. 17, 18). Aiming the player takes place in a deep squat. The legs are placed shoulder-width apart, the socks are slightly turned out. The weight of the body is evenly distributed on both legs. The ball is clasped with freely spaced fingers.
Hands without tension are lowered down and forward. The gaze is fixed on the front edge of the basket (Fig. 17a, 18a). After that, the player slowly straightens up and brings his hands forward. The brushes remain lowered down (Fig. 176, 186). When the arms are raised to shoulder height, the ball is given a reverse rotation with the hands, and at the same time the ball is released from the fingertips, while the arms continue to move upward (Fig. 17c, 18f). Continuing to straighten the legs and torso, the player takes the final position, in which the arms, as if accompanying the ball, rise up, but all this is done without tension, which is especially important for the accuracy of the throw (Fig. 17d, 18d). The basis of success in this throw is the player's stable position and the ability to release the ball in time, accompanying its flight with his hands. This technique is used almost exclusively in free throws.
More difficult is a throw with two hands from below in motion , which is most often performed with a reflection from the backboard (fig.
19).
Having mastered the ball under the right foot, the player takes his hands to the right, blocking the ball from the opponent with his inclined body (Fig. 19a).
With a step of the left foot, one should sharply turn to face the shield (Fig. 196), jump up and forward and stretch as much as possible in order to quickly, without moving away from the opponent, hold straight arms with the ball under the opponent’s hands (Fig. 19in). At the last moment, with a soft movement of the hands, the ball is released from the hands (Fig. 19d). The ball should be directed to the shield, due to which greater accuracy of hits is achieved (Fig. 195).
Throw with two hands from the chest (fig. 20, 21, 22). This technique is used most often in both field goals and free throws. If a free throw is being taken, then you should stand up so that you do not touch the line during the throw. The legs can be placed side by side (fig. 20) or one leg is set back a little (fig.
21), which gives better stability. Regardless of the location of the feet, the legs are bent at the knees. The trunk should not be tense. The ball is grasped by the spaced fingers of both hands closer to the inside, the thumbs almost converge. The arms are bent at the elbows at a right angle and hold the ball at the level of the face or chest. Care must be taken to ensure that the ball is held mainly by the fingers (see Fig. 21a). The throw occurs due to the full extension of the legs and arms, and this must be done not with a jerk, but gently. The ball should be released from the fingertips. If the movement is done gently, then after the ball takes off, the hands accompany its flight (see Fig. 216).
Otherwise, the hands will remain in the same position they were in when the ball was thrown. Near the shield, the hit is more accurate if thrown with a reflection from the shield.
For the accuracy of the throw, the uniform movement of the hands is very important: if one hand is even slightly ahead of the other, then the ball will inevitably deviate to the side.
Throw from the chest can be performed without rotation and with rotation. When throwing without rotation, the arms are held almost parallel and the ball is at head level (Fig. 22), and for a throw with rotation, the elbows are slightly apart and the ball falls lower (see Fig. 20).
The rotation of the ball is given by the movement of the hands and arms during the swing and the fingers at the moment of its release. A spin shot throws the ball with a lower trajectory than a non-spin throw where a high flight path is required.
Both chest throws have their advantages and disadvantages. Throwing without spin is more accurate because the arm work is easier and consistency is easy to achieve. But since the ball flies without rotation, the slightest deviation to the side leads to the fact that, having touched the ring, it flies off to the side.
In the second case, it is more difficult to achieve accuracy due to the additional movement of the brushes, which cannot always be the same.
This disadvantage is compensated by the rotation of the ball. As stated before, if a spinning ball touches a backboard or hoop, it will almost always go into the basket. You cannot require all players to throw the same way. Practice shows that it is possible to achieve high hitting results by any of the methods described.
The best result in throws from the chest is achieved from a distance of no more than 5-7 m and when the player is in a stable position. Therefore, before throwing, players should always strive to get into the correct stance. Throw from the chest on the run is not accurate and is easier to intercept than a throw with one hand from the shoulder, so it is better not to use it on the move.
In order to throw the ball with both hands from the chest to the basket from a longer distance, the throw is performed with a jump (fig. 23). In this case, all the player's movements are similar to a throw without a jump, but the squat becomes even deeper (Fig. 23 a). Simultaneously unbending arms and legs, the player straightens up, followed by take-off and pushing the ball.
The legs, torso and arms of the player should form a straight line (Fig. 23 c). Jumping greatly enhances the power of the throw. Many players achieve hits from a distance of 10-12 m. In addition, when the throw is made in a jump, it is more difficult for opponents to intercept the ball.
Throw with two hands from the head . Throw from the head can be performed standing still, with a jump, as well as with a jump and turn. The technique of throwing from a place and with a jump is completely the same as the transfer from the head, with the exception of the final movement of the fingers. When throwing, the fingers extend more vertically than when passing. As a rule, the ball is sent with a hinged flight path. The most difficult is the jump and turn throw (Fig. 24). When receiving the ball, the player stands with his back to the shield, against its middle (or at the touchline). Before throwing, you should sit down deeply, holding the ball with both hands near your knees (Fig.
24 a). Then a jump begins with a turn over the left shoulder (you can turn in any direction) (Fig. 24 b). Having turned 180 ° in the air, the player brings the ball to his head (Fig. 24 c).
Being at the highest take-off point, the player extends his arms forward, giving the ball the desired direction (fig. 24 d). Although not accurate enough, this throw is still dangerous for opponents, since the ball is very difficult to intercept. This shot is especially valuable for tall center players.
One-arm shoulder throw . Among throws with one hand, this technique is most common. The throw can be performed in various positions of the player both from a place and in motion.
Fig. 25
The simplest is a throw from a place from under the shield (Fig. 25).
This throw is applied from £2-3m away from the shield. Before the throw, the ball is transferred to the left hand, the hand of which is turned palm up with fingers apart. The arm is bent at the elbow so that the forearm is in a vertical position and serves as a support for the ball.
The right leg moves slightly forward. When throwing, you should stretch out as much as possible, reducing the distance from the ball to the basket (Fig. 25 a).
It is more profitable to throw to the left of the basket with the left hand, and to the right - with the right. The throw is made due to the movement of the straightened arm up and the additional movement of the fingers. The ball should be sent with a reflection from the shield (Fig. 25 b, c).
The threat of attack from the enemy requires special speed of movement. Having shifted the ball to the left hand (fig. 26 a), the player straightens up sharply, rising on his toes and stretching his arm, directs the ball into the basket with his brush (fig. 26 b). A sharp straightening of the legs and the player's striving upwards leads to a small jump (Fig. 26 c).
More difficult is the jump throw after the dribbling , which requires good coordination of the movements of the arms and legs (fig. 27). If the ball is caught when the left foot is put out, then it should be thrown with the left hand, and vice versa.
With one-way movement, throws are less accurate. After dribbling, the player grabs the ball at the moment of exposing the left foot, taking a wide step (Fig. 27 a). Then the ball is pulled up to the chest, and a short step is taken with the right foot, slowing down the forward movement (Fig. 27 b). Simultaneously with the removal of the ball up with both hands, the left leg bent at the knee is pulled up, which helps to increase the jump (Fig. 27 c). Having made a jump, the player lowers his right hand, and the ball remains on the left hand, which is extended upwards (Fig. 27 d). At the highest point of the jump, the arm and torso are completely straightened and the ball is pushed out with a soft movement of the hand and fingers (Fig. 27 5). It is necessary that the momentum of the jump is not reflected in the throw. Only then will the throw be accurate. It should be thrown so that the ball flies as close as possible to the side of the ring and hits the backboard softly. It is important that the jump is made up, not forward.
When jumping vertically, it is easier to hit the basket, because the player's movement in the air is slowed down and he approaches the basket.
When a player fails to get the ball to bounce off the backboard, it should be thrown directly into the basket. More often, such a throw succeeds with a direct run-up (Fig. 28). This technique is similar to the previous one, however, it should be noted that due to the player's inertia, obtained from the run-up and jump, he continues to move forward in the air. The same thing happens with the ball. Therefore, the arm should be stretched exactly up and push the ball vertically (Fig. 28 d, e.) When pushing the ball forward, it can fly over the basket. This throw is less accurate than the previous one, so it should only be used when the player is unable to advance to the shield.
The throw becomes even more difficult if the player has to make a turn in the air at the moment of the jump (fig. 29).
The player takes possession of the ball after dribbling or catching with a step with his right foot, with his back to the backboard (Fig.
29 a). The left foot takes a short step to the left. In the same direction, the torso should be tilted and rotated. The ball is pulled up to the chest (Fig. 29 b). At the moment of repulsion from the ground, the torso continues to turn to the left. Hands with the ball rise up (Fig. 29 c). Having taken off the ground, the player continues to turn in the air. The left hand goes down, and the right one straightens up (Fig. 29G). Having completed the turn completely, the player extends his arm in the direction of the basket and releases the ball with a push of the hand and fingers (Fig. 29 e, f). Pay [special attention to turning the foot to the shield when putting the left foot after catching the ball. If the leg is exposed in the course of the initial movement, then after the push the player will be carried to the side, which is why the accuracy of the throw is significantly reduced.
Fig. 29
The most difficult technique is a throw from the shoulder with one hand, combined with a catch on the run with the opposite hand (Fig.
30).
The player must catch the ball on the run with one hand, then transfer it to the other hand and, after taking a second step and jump, make a throw. It is necessary to resort to this technique in cases where the ball is not sent “along the way” of the player, but behind him and it is no longer possible to catch the ball with both hands without stopping. The right hand is extended towards the flying ball (Fig. 30 a). Being in the air, the player pulls the ball to the body with a step with the left foot (Fig. 30 b). At the moment of landing, the ball is held with both hands, then a step is taken with the right foot, and in order to reduce the speed of movement, the body deviates slightly back (Fig. 30c). Further movements are similar to the usual throw from the shoulder in a jump (Fig. 30 d, e, f). The main difficulty lies in the combination of catching with one hand and shifting to the other while moving forward. This comes with some risk of losing the ball.
One-arm overhead throw (fig.
31). This throw is performed in the same way as when passing, but more smoothly. If, when passing, a sharp movement gives the ball an almost horizontal direction, then for a throw, the movement must be soft, directing the flight of the ball along a hinged trajectory. Before the throw, the player turns his left side to the shield, deeply squatting on his right leg and putting his left leg forward and left. The ball is held by the hand and forearm. The left arm is extended to the side to maintain balance. The head turns towards the basket (Fig. 31 a). The arm with the ball begins to separate from the body, and at this time the support is completely transferred to the left leg (Fig. 31 b). Continuing the arcuate movement with an almost straight arm, the player, freeing his right leg, pulls his knee up (Fig. 31 c). To release the ball at the highest point, the player rises to the toe, straightens the body and raises the straight arm with the ball to the head (Fig. 31 d). Gently bending the arm at the elbow above the head, with the movement of the hand and fingers, the ball is sent to the basket (Fig.
31 e). Having made a throw, the player continues to follow the flight of the ball (Fig. 31 e).
This throw is very dangerous from a distance of 4-6 m from the shield. It is especially important for attacking players.
When an opponent attacks, a throw overhead should be done with a jump (fig. 32). Before the jump, the player shifts the ball to his right hand (Fig. 32 a). Simultaneously with the movement of the hand up, the player bounces. The left hand, bent at the elbow at a right angle, as if blocks the ball from the opponent (Fig. 32 b). Having jumped up, the player continues to move his arm in an upward arc, fixing his gaze on the basket (Fig. 32 b). When the hand approaches the head, it smoothly bends, and with an additional movement of the hand the ball is given the desired direction (Fig. 32 d). You can throw directly into the basket or with a reflection from the backboard. The advantage of this throw over others is that it is almost impossible for the opponent to intercept the ball.
One-hand underhand throw (fig. 33). This roll is applied after dribbling or turning while attacking an opponent. The throw must be done very quickly. After the capture (Fig. 33 a), the ball is transferred to the turned right hand, and the left hand supports the ball from the side, at the same time covering it from the enemy (Fig. 33 b).
The player rises on his toe or jumps, passing his hands with the ball under the hands of the opponent (Fig. 33 c). When this succeeds, the hand is extended to the basket and the hand directs the ball to the shield (Fig. 33 d, e).
In this throw, it is especially important to carry the ball under the opponent's arms in a timely manner, which requires accurate calculation.
A one-handed bottom throw with a long jump is used (fig. 34).
Having mastered the ball, with a step with his left foot, the player takes a wide step with his right foot, holding the ball near his chest (Fig. 34 a). This is followed by a powerful push with the left foot up and forward, and at the same time the hands with the ball are brought forward (Fig.
34 b). Having taken off the ground, the player “groups”, pulling both legs to the body. The ball lies on the left hand, and the right hand supports it from above (Fig. 34 c). Continuing the flight, the player connects his knees and begins to raise his left hand with the ball. At the moment of the “dead” point, the left arm is extended forward and upward and the ball is pushed out with the brush (Fig. 34 d, e). Landing takes place directly under the shield (Fig. 34 f).
This roll is one of the most difficult. It is used in cases where the player received the ball on a fast run, being against the shield in close proximity to the opponent. "Grouping" in the air makes it possible to hide from the opponent the moment of throwing the ball, as well as to fly under the opponent's arm and make a soft throw.
Recently, some strong players have successfully used the one-handed throw from the chest. Before throwing, the ball is rotated so that one hand is below, supporting the ball, and the other covers it from above.
