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How do they convert basketball to hockey
How Does a Basketball Court Change Into an Ice Hockey Rink?
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How does a basketball court change into an ice hockey rink?
How long does the ice in a hockey rink last?
How long does it take to convert a basketball court to an ice hockey rink?
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Today’s Wonder of the Day was inspired by lucas.lucas Wonders, “how do they change a basketball stadium to a ice rank” Thanks for WONDERing with us, lucas!
Have you ever been to Los Angeles? If you have and you're a sports fan, there's one place you may have had the chance to visit: the Staples Center. In addition to hosting concerts and all sorts of special events, the Staples Center is also home to three professional sports franchises: the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team, the Los Angeles Clippers basketball team, and the Los Angeles Kings ice hockey team.
Back in May 2012, the Staples Center was an exciting place to be. All three teams made the playoffs, requiring the arena to host six playoff games in just four days. The Staples Center had to change from a Kings ice hockey rink to a Lakers basketball court to a Clippers basketball court and back over the course of less than a week.
Thanks to the modern technology that exists in today's sports arenas, the crews that man the Staples Center were able to transition between basketball courts and ice hockey rinks quickly. In fact, these transitions occur all over the country, since many cities have arenas that host both professional basketball and ice hockey teams.
If you think it sounds like a lot of work to convert an ice hockey rink to a basketball court and back again, you're right. Depending upon the technology used and the workforce available, the transition can take dozens of workers as few as 90 minutes or just a few workers an entire day to complete.
If a crew had to create a new ice hockey rink for each game, the process would be much more complicated. What many people don't realize, however, is that once an ice hockey rink is created at the start of the season, it stays in place until the season and playoffs are over.
The layer of ice on an ice hockey rink is only about an inch thick. However, it is created out of many tiny layers of ice to make sure the ice is strong and durable. It remains frozen throughout the season thanks to a calcium-chloride solution (called brinewater) that is cooled and circulated in the layer of concrete that forms the base of the ice layer.
When it's time to convert an ice hockey rink to a basketball court, the walls and glass panels around the rink are removed. Then large pieces of insulated plywood are laid out over the top of the ice. Finally the basketball court is pieced together like a puzzle on top of the plywood. The special plywood keeps the ice cool and the court warm. After the game, the process is reversed to get the arena ready for the next ice hockey game.
So when the basketball players are out there slam dunking the basketball through the hoop, the court they're running on still has the ice hockey rink beneath it. Don't worry about the basketball court sliding on the ice, though. It's heavy enough to stay in place on its own. For example, the basketball court the Denver Nuggets team plays on consists of 285 pieces that weigh 186 pounds each, which adds up to a court that weighs 26.5 tons!
The ice in an ice hockey rink is only removed when the regular season and playoffs are finished. When it's time to get rid of the ice, the brinewater is warmed and circulated under the ice to begin the melting process. Once the ice has melted sufficiently, it is then broken up and carted off by front end loaders.
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Which professional basketball teams share arenas with professional hockey teams? Do your own Internet research to find out the answer! Before you get started, though, take a guess at how many teams share facilities. Start making your list by writing down all of the professional basketball and hockey teams you can think of. Then complete your research online. Were there more or fewer teams that share facilities than you thought there'd be?
Why do you think professional teams share facilities? Why don't they all just build their own arenas? Think about the economics of switching from court to rink and back. Compare those costs to the expense of building and maintaining an arena. You'll probably need to do a bit of independent research to determine some approximate costs for these things. Based upon your research, what do you conclude about the wisdom of switching from court to rink and back versus building individual arenas?
With technology constantly evolving, the means of switching between basketball courts and ice hockey rinks might change over time. Can you envision any inventions that might make the process easier in the future? Could new arenas be designed in such a way that switching between uses could be faster and easier? Let your imagination roam and write down or draw pictures of ideas you think could revolutionize these processes in the future. Share your ideas with a friend or family member. What do they think about your ideas?
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How Do Arenas Transition From Hockey To Basketball?
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Image Credit: David Jones (CC BY 2.0)
There are 11 arenas in professional sports that are home to both NBA and NHL teams. If you've ever wondered how these arenas can transform from a basketball venue to a hockey venue and vice versa within just a few hours, you're not alone. If you think that this transformation and changeover process is easy, well, you've got a lot to learn.
The timeline for transitioning from an NHL game to an NBA game typically follows this order. The entire process can typically be completed in less than two and a half hours depending on the size of the working operations crew.
1. Remove the protective netting in each goal zone above the glass. Then, remove the protective glass. There are generally more than 150 pieces of glass that are installed around the ice rink. Each piece of glass is labeled and has been bolted into place. The pieces of glass are stacked on carts and hauled off and placed into storage.
2. The changeover of the seating begins. If you've ever seen how the bleachers can fold up in a high school gymnasium, the same applies here. Bleachers are folded up according to the arena's seating plan and pushed back to allow for additional space for the crew to install the basketball court. The ice is then covered with more than 500 pieces of insulated plywood which have the capability of keeping the ice cold.
3. The parquet pieces that comprise the basketball court are then rolled out on carts and laid down over the plywood. Most basketball court pieces measure 4 x 8 feet and there are generally more than 200 pieces that make up the entire court. A crew of four are usually needed to lift each piece which are locked into place using a groove and latch system. A crew member will then use a sledgehammer to tighten each piece into place.
4. The basketball goals are brought out on a forklift and laid down at each end of the court. Basketball goals are very mobile and can generally be completely assembled in less than an hour.
5. Setup the courtside seats. More courtside seating is available for professional basketball games since a basketball court is much smaller than an ice rink. When transitioning from basketball games to hockey games, these seats will be removed completely.
6. Small miscellaneous tasks are then performed. These could include making room for all of the wiring needed for the media, setting up media tables, changing out the padding on the basketball goals if different sponsors are supposed to appear on the padding for that particular game, etc.
The operations crew typically has the tear down and installation process for both playing surfaces perfected to a "T" within a month after the seasons begin in October. If you're a hockey fan, one thing you may not realize is that the ice stays in place from the beginning of the season until the conclusion in the spring. A calcium-chloride solution called "brinewater" is what helps keep the ice cold throughout the season. When the season ends, the brinewater is then warmed and used to help melt the ice. After the ice has melted sufficiently, the ice is then cracked and broken up by the operations crew and then thrown away.
The 11 arenas that are home to both an NHL and NBA team are as follows.
The TD Garden - Home of the Boston Bruins and Boston Celtics.
The United Center - Home of the Chicago Blackhawks and Chicago Bulls.
The Pepsi Center - Home of the Colorado Avalanche and Denver Nuggets.
American Airlines Center - Home of the Dallas Stars and Dallas Mavericks.
Little Caesar's Arena - Home of the Detroit Red Wings and Detroit Pistons.
The Staples Center - Home of the Los Angeles Kings, Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers.
The Barclays Center - Home of the New York Islanders and Brooklyn Nets.
Madison Square Garden - Home of the New York Rangers and New York Knicks.
The Wells Fargo Center - Home of the Philadelphia Flyers and Philadelphia 76ers.
The Air Canada Centre - Home of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Toronto Raptors.
The Verizon Center - Home of the Washington Capitals and Washington Wizards.
Reference:
ChicagoTribune.com
Wonderopolis.org
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What we need to learn from the Americans - Sticky Mouse - Blogs
Evgeny Markov saw what surrounds sports in Los Angeles.
Staples Center is definitely the most convenient place in California: Grammy awards today, Clippers play tomorrow, Lakers play the day after tomorrow, and the next day the parquet is replaced with ice. Nine NBA finals were held there, they said goodbye to Michael Jackson, and even beefy players butted heads - in heavy helmets and with properly protruding shoulders, however, in the AFL tournament (Arena Football League - American indoor football) and until 2009years, until the Los Angeles Avengers figured out what they looked like from the outside.
I saw the rapid transition from basketball to hockey with my own eyes, when I didn’t get out of the high part of Los Angeles for two evenings in a row, where one-story America ends and the glassy Downtown grows - a place not the most pleasant and therefore not a must-see. The Getty High Museum, the green Griffith Observatory, Santa Monica, where the inspiration of Sergei Shnurov walks, or just about all the places that ended up in La La Land are much more important and relevant.
Some call Downtown a projection of hell onto the west coast; and the horror is really felt when you turn off the sterile street of clerks. In its dark part, it is uncomfortable even during the day: there are a lot of homeless people, too cautious passers-by and cultural jelly, from which even in such a motley region will spin. Buying Cherry Cola at the local Broadway was like a scene from Home Alone, only instead of Lost in New York, it was Lost in Los Angeles, who was shaking at the sight of supermarket patrons.
And the Staples Center is above all that - it's away from three pairs of $20 sneakers and next to the fresh Figueroa Street, where on the evening of the working day not only tourists celebrating the New Year in February, but also "Angelinos" stopped by. for whom their favorite clubs are leisure.
“Doing sports is healthier than reading books. And a person gives all his free time to sports ”(I. Ilf and E. Petrov“ One-story America ”).
Sports L.A. (home to the Lakers, Clippers, and Kings) starts right where the street merchandise van sits, with enough hustle and bustle, cardboard coffee cups, and street internet.
Inside the van, they don't know about the existence of Timofey Mozgov, but they are ready to tell about all the works of popular culture where Kobe Bryant is mentioned. It is more profitable to buy hats with the number "24" or dark sweaters of "kings" there, although the prices at the airport, company store or tent are almost the same. The only difference is the percentage of the state of California (7.25%) that does not cover street vending.
During the NHL days, neither the van, nor the seller, nor the prices change. Only instead of the basketball "Los Angeles" there is a hockey one, and the main one already knows about the Russian center "Lakers" by paraphernalia. After a few meters, a large line bends like a red dragon, because, apart from the crowded bars with screens, there were no other activities near the arena. Only the ESPN lottery, where everyone spins the wheel and waits to see if they get one of the best friends of the American people - a backpack, a cap or a shoe bag.
When the Kings played, this attraction was forgotten, the purple streamers and yellow letters were gone, and people were reminded that they are all kings (“We Are All Kings!”). Just like the employees of the Center, who are the best in the world at playing transformers: they change not only the filling, but also everything that surrounds it. In just one night - less than 24 hours.
The black and white Staples Center, of course, can be recognized: nobody removes the palm trees, the bronze basketball player and the bear on the California flag, and before the match there is a normal mess, when the main entrance chews for a long time, and only the stewards know about the side entrances. From this, a Chinese wall grows, which respects basketball even more than Messi and Ronaldo, but is afraid of winter and practically does not go to hockey. There are always queues, and the question remains - where do they go an hour and a half before the game?
“Here's another great feature. The busiest American will always find time to briefly, sensibly and patiently explain to the traveler which road he should take. At the same time, he does not confuse and does not lie. If he speaks, then he knows.
Those who are already inside have several answers: it's boring outside; rereading the biography of the guys who excited all of America (Karim Abdul-Jabbar, Luc Robitaille, Oscar De La Hoya) is already tired; you can’t enter the company store (only through the arena) - and there are so many entertainments inside that you don’t have to plan theme parks and carousels.
You can also have fun and run at the Staples Center, where knowledgeable people enter through the sports bar. There they chat with the girls from the Kings cheerleading squad and eat delicious combinations from unbreakable dishes. Stadium food in the United States is a compliment, because at NBA and NHL matches, fans not only live on pizza or quesadillas, but also have a quality dinner.
All the fun - after checking the ticket. Firstly, both in basketball and hockey, spectators are given gifts; and these are not cardboard flags, on top of which a sponsor's spot is pasted. Everyone who came to the match was given beautiful magnets: in the form of a gold medal in memory of Lakers president Jerry Buss (1933-2013) or rounded, modern styling featuring Kings head coach Darryl Sutter. You definitely can’t give away such things or throw them away, and in order to get everyone, they are handed out only one at a time, and the phrase “For a friend of Slava from St. Petersburg” does not work here.
No matter what your name is, there's never enough time inside the Staples Center, and you'll never have time to stash some souvenirs in your backpack before you get to the sponsored rides. They will entertain just for an email address (not necessarily an exact one) and within a minute they will print your photos, offer a sweatshirt, wish you a good day and tell you how nice it is to see guests from another continent. American communication is built only on smiles (it seemed sincere to me), the question “how are you?”, which implies hello, and a constant desire to help.
But they do it differently. For example, they come up with sports toys, for which many donate burgers and choose a healthy line. Hockey days are lured with virtual reality goggles and the ability to fool one of the NHL goaltenders, while the Lakers are given 10 basketballs, 25 seconds and a glass room with a ring. At first, even I rejoiced at my three hits and thought to write to the school physical teachers, but then they came to the floor in pairs (one throws - the other serves balls), and the first numbers constantly dropped.
"In America, the buyer is not sold a bed, he is sold a good sleep."
In addition to the official store, there are many stands with paraphernalia in the Center, and rightly so - you want Mozgov's T-shirt here and now, and before the fan shop you need to go through the queues for soda and the temptation not to waste all the money on the gaucamole. I am glad that the yellow T-shirt with number 20 does not need to be dug up: it is on the stand, which means that our guy is respected here: “Ordinary players don’t do this, you need to earn a pre-printed number and surname.”
In a company store, money is often counted and absolutely everything is changed in a day. The day after the NBA, not a single mention of basketball: only a museum corner (with all kinds of sports), where they are not allowed to take a camera.
Any of the purchases - including such women's pajamas - were wrapped in packages with the symbols of the NHL All-Star Game in my presence. Sweaters also reminded of him, on the day of hockey they completely replaced the royal jerseys of Los Angeles; as well as Russian surnames on every second hanger. If on the yellow day of the Lakers there was only Mozgov, then on hockey - Tarasenko, Ovechkin, Kucherov, Bobrovsky and even Malkin, who was sick.
With this flood of t-shirts and visors, almost all fans pair their club colors with casual wear in style. This is especially felt in basketball, where yellow and purple inserts look much more interesting than heavy hockey jerseys. Basketball players have to invent something, and the most active invent costumes, where every detail - even socks with the image of Kobe - is associated with their club.
Hockey players, unlike them, do not show socks to anyone, but they also have a cult of their favorite player. In basketball, it’s definitely KV24, but the Kings have two groups of fans: one wears the uniform of goaltender Jonathan Quick, the other chooses someone from the legendary ceiling, where the sweaters of Wayne Gretzky, Luc Robitaille, Dave Taylor and Rob Blake hang.
“Americans are by nature a chewing people. They chew gum, candy, cigar ends, their jaws are constantly moving, knocking, clapping.
Nobody prohibits alcohol in the arena - on the contrary, vodka ads are broadcast directly on the scoreboard, and on the upper tier there is a special institution where they interfere with the Moscow Mules cocktail and at the legislative level prohibit something more serious than chips and crackers - only voluminous taps, from which not the most sports drinks come out.
At the same time, not a single outburst or rudeness: at least because it is impossible not to have a bite here. Every three meters they offer to change the kitchen and choose what all fans of American cinema dream of.
Restaurants in the Staples Center are not only enough for a yard, but for a whole yard near a ten-story school. Prices, of course, are higher than in Chinatown, but there are many establishments for different budgets, because, in addition to banal fast food, the arena has open terraces overlooking Los Angeles and surrounded by portable fireplaces. Here you can end the day deliciously, fill yourself with filth or just have a drink. Absolutely everyone loves American fans, so expensive athletes can only be supported here from income from combo meals.
“Comfort in America is not at all a sign of luxury. It's standard and available."
Soft chairs only motivate to buy wings and drown in chips; under the seat there is a place for a backpack and a bag of garbage; and on the sides - coasters and plump neighbors. Although stereotypes do not live long in California, there - on the ocean - the press under the T-shirt is as common as a smartphone in your pocket, and college sports are watched during breaks in NHL and NBA matches.
Only basketball stands out because it only goes from munching to sick in the final quarter, when three-pointers are watched more closely than the rest of the sauce. The upper tiers sit almost in the dark, see the court from a budget angle, but still get high: from there, you can perfectly see the basketball combinations, Mozgov's long sweatpants, or how bad the Colorado have been this season. The play area floats in the light and looks distinct and even romantic from the darkened top.
All these amenities keep the fan in the chair, and you want to take advantage of the break for the intended purpose only in a few cases: if the skyscraper with popcorn has run out or the phone has run out of power. There are dozens of wires sticking out on the first floor, and there is also a locker where electronics are left locked and trusted to the employee in charge, because he smiles and supports any conversation.
Another feature of American sports is a planned entertainment schedule. Therefore, everyone says that in the USA they know how to put on shows that are almost independent of the level of sports happiness. The Lakers, for example, are now in the pit (the Kings are better, although they also have problems), but there are still no pauses during their matches, because trained people work with the audience, and this communication is perceived as an extension of the quarter or period.
Just before the NBA match, a guy who definitely didn't study basketball at school scored. Instead of remembering “dribbling, two steps, throwing,” he ran to the ring with the ball in his hands and smeared every time. The Lakers warm-up was held in the same style, where the players not only threw, but also hugged an opponent (Mozgov grabbed his friends from the Nuggets) or lay in the center of the site while the masseur invented something with their muscles.
At the same time, the announcer had fun with the children, interviewed veterans or invented dubious games, and the fans' messages were displayed on the screen: someone was congratulated on their seventh birthday, someone on their 81st; wrote that Courtney loves Brad, and Michael loves the Lakers; or turn on philosophical mode and ask them to never give up on a dream.
The players at this time rush at each other and arrange a coven, but as it turned out, this is how they prepare for the match. Daring rhythms from not the most prosperous quarters dilute the hooligan surroundings, when gangsters from the same team butt shoulders, fool around and take the ball from each other. In hockey, they would have already gone with a hook in the teeth.
"Several photographs are nailed to the wall - beautiful girls, or baseball players, or angels of the Lord, depending on the inclination of the prisoner."
Cultural differences are felt in many ways, so the basketball crowd is much brighter, and in this it corresponds to the whole of Los Angeles. The Chinese have long been obsessed with galactic brands, and the Mexicans love basketball as much as they fear cold ice. White Men Can't Jump is not only a movie with the alternative title "Basketball is Black's Game" but also an explanation of why rap usually rumbles at Lakers games and their cheerleading squad is supported by plastic African-American women. The Kings, on the other hand, go out on the ice to California rock, their girls know how to skate and hold a wide shovel in their hands.
However, for all teams, it is the connection with Los Angeles that is important, so pre-match clips and light shows show the best places in the city and once again remind you that LA is about the Kings, Lakers and Clippers.
"If you want your words to be believed, repeat them as often as possible."
The last paragraph is enough to understand where the fans sing the anthem and put their right hand to their hearts, and where they do not come off the chicken legs. The most difficult thing for Americans is to take off their cap. They do well on hockey, but no one knows the words for the Lakers, and the guys from China don’t even think of getting up.
Before the Los Angeles hockey matches, on the contrary, there is too much patriotism. To perform the anthem, a famous guy with a good voice was invited to the match, everyone (some, however, with difficulty) got up from their chairs and sang. Then they showed a white-toothed general from some movie about the Vietnam War, the stands roared, thanked the hero and heard from the speakers that the Americans are a great nation that remembers its heroes.
“The plot of the play is what God sent. If God did not send anything, they play without a plot. The plot is unimportant. Duels, executions, feasts and battles are important.”
Before going to America, it's hard to imagine that every basketball attack takes place to the sounds of the speakers, and the entire first quarter is played by primitive rhythms that make you want to put on a helmet and cover your ears with a trap. Hockey horns and face-off music occasionally pop in, usually associated with something icy and edgy, but not around dark guys in sleeveless t-shirts.
I don't know about the others, but I thanked the coaches when they took a timeout: you can relax with the usual music, although you get used to the hammering sounds already in the second quarter. By that time the background is evened out, the DJ is no longer experimenting: the Lakers attack with light criminal tunes, and the Denver are frightened by rude sirens.
“My head is cracking from work. From entertainment, she also bursts.
In order to sometimes be distracted from food, they came up with a lot of entertainment. Sometimes it seems that people are having fun, dancing and smiling just to get on the big screen. Several times it was too obvious, and their activity made them wince. But otherwise, the fans really burned: both in basketball and in hockey, they came up with wild dances, American children, without suspecting anything, danced the lezginka, mothers did all the same with babies in their arms. Without dancing, as well as without Kalinka-Malinka, not a single match takes place in the USA.
They move better to music in hockey, but they kiss better in basketball. The kiss of the 70-year-old couple was even more rejoiced than the dunk from D'Angelo Russell. Excited grandpa kissed his girlfriend even before the kissing camera looked at them, but then strangled his wife with a minute hickey, blowing up the hall no worse than David Beckham, who was in the front row.
On the other hand, in hockey, during the goals, viral videos from the Internet were played, where children, cats and fat men are having fun. People are not allowed to get bored, they fill every stop with contests, communication with fans who have not missed Kings matches for 15 years, or arrange a massacre of Russian and American sumo wrestlers.
"Chop it with all parts of the body, use the head and legs." An American beat me at an NHL match
Fans are also entertained with tickers with the results of parallel matches of all leagues existing in the country, and they also offer advertising feints: download the club application, find out the promo code there and get a 60% discount on something from the company store. Only the colors change, and the club improves communication with the viewer, sells the merchandise lying around and makes everyone feel good.
“Americans are very noisy spectators. Sometimes it even seems that they come to boxing or football not to watch, but to shout.”
Lakers fans would make a good 'yo', 'wow' or 'woohoo' rap. There are even those who can imitate the sound of a siren, but mostly people get high from the game and scream after the opponent's steep passes. When I was still remembered Mozgov - before he began to go underground. For Los Angeles, he is not Timo and not even Timofey - but Timofy, who began to play less often - which means it's time to learn the name of Ivica Zubac.
There are almost no chants in basketball, sometimes the stands react to the scoreboard, they start clapping after the HandClap song, but after a minute they are already rummaging through a bag of nuggets, while the other Nuggets move better than the Lakers, but in the end they lose. It gets louder when you turn on the noise scale and expect sound from the fans. They react, and then, in anticipation of a three-point hit, raise their finger up.
At the match, the Kings also savor the Hollywood tricks, but they cheer for their own people more and even insult the opponent: many of them skip "Avalanche sucks". After all, hockey is much better with aggression, drive and vocabulary for expressing emotions. So, “wow” and “yo” turn into long “beautiful” and “here is a goal”, and the stands shout “Go, Kings, Go” several times during the period. They love power moves and jump up when a fight starts.
This moment is also used by advertisers who will turn even the most rotten cheesecake into fun: therefore, the new film "Fist Fight" is promoted on the scoreboard during each skirmish. The dynamics of hockey and its unsportsmanlike logistics distract fans from food. After the game, the Kings also have a lot of debris under the seats, but there are much fewer blowing pipes during the game.
This choice also helps to make a mascot named Bailey. He not only participates in all the shows, is bold when going out on the ice, and turns on the stands, but also teases his rivals: with the score 5:0 in favor of Los Angeles, the lion cub reached the Colorado bench and began waving a white towel over it .
"Try to see the rich, the unemployed, the bureaucrats, the farmers, look for the average people, because they make up America."
I was struck by the respect for the Staples Center team.
Those who check tickets, wash floors or pour ice are as big stars as the athletes. In each of the matches, the best employees of the arena are called to the site, to the applause they are awarded with gifts and love to everyone who performs sometimes invisible work. The names of the stewards and security guards are known to all sports Los Angeles, they wear purple shirts or red jackets, wish you a good day in any situation and know enough to fill an NBA or NHL encyclopedia.
There are also those who are obliged to write about. I really remember an elderly and curly African American who must have a story: how he did not become a professional basketball player, but as a boy he washed the car of Elgin Baylor (and this is a memory for a lifetime), and 25 years later he had afternoon tea with Kobe Bryant every Wednesday.
“Newsmen were selling night editions of the Daily News and the Daily Mirror at the exit. From the minute this event happened to the moment we bought a newspaper with a message about the match, no more than half an hour passed.
Street life keeps basketball busy. Passers-by are peering into the glasses of restaurants: the Lakers' victory is already being dismantled on TVs and circled around those who made positional errors. A musical match where silence does not exist ends for many with the sounds of saxophone, violin and street hip-hop. After hockey - just loud and fun.
Everyone is walking towards the skyscrapers.
Photo: Evgeny Markov; Gettyimages.ru/Ethan Miller (15), Harry How (18)
who invented basketball, football, ice hockey, figure skating, golf, lacrosse and baseball?
It often seems that some sports have existed since ancient times and are probably folk, which completely excludes any one inventor. But this is far from always the case. Find out how the famous rugby, figure skating and golf came to be.
Yuri Gandrabura
unsplash.com
Different sports are popular in different hemispheres of the Earth. What is your favorite and have you played lacrosse and baseball? Tell us in the comments!
Who would have thought, but, for example, the game of lacrosse is older than the printing press, and golf was invented before the birth of Abraham Lincoln. The first book about figure skating was published before the independence of the United States. In general, sport is durable and constantly evolving, just like society itself. Here are the origins of probably the most popular sports in the 21st century.
1. Basketball
The only major American sport with a clearly identifiable inventor. James Naismith wrote the original 13 rules of the sport as part of a class assignment in December 1891 year at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) training school in Springfield, Massachusetts.
Born and educated in Canada, Naismith came to the US South to pursue physical education. Naismith aimed to create a game that could be played in gyms during the winter. The first basketball game in history was played on December 21, 1891.
2. American football (rugby)
Closely related to two ancient English sports, rugby and football (or association football), American football originated in the universities of North America, primarily in the United States, in the late 19century.
The person responsible for the transition from the earlier rugby-like game to the American football we know today was Walter Camp, also known as the "Father of American Football". As a Yale student and medical student from 1876 to 1881, Camp played linebacker and later took the position of head coach, pioneering many of the rules and innovations that have shaped the modern game.
3. Baseball
References to baseball-like games in the United States date back to the 18th century. As with football, its closest ancestors are two games: lapta (a children's game brought to New England by the colonists) and cricket.
In September 1845, a group of men from New York founded the New York Knickerbocker Baseball Club. One of them, volunteer firefighter and bank clerk Alexander Joy Cartwright, developed a new set of rules that would become the basis of modern baseball, calling for, among other things, a diamond field, foul lines, and the three-hit rule.
4. Lacrosse
Lacrosse, America's oldest team sport, dates back to 1100 AD, when it was played by groups of Indian tribes, the Iroquois, in what is now New York and parts of Canada. Early versions of lacrosse matches involved hundreds of men and the use of wooden sticks, sometimes with mesh baskets or pockets attached, and small balls wrapped in deerskin.
Lacrosse continued to develop in Canada, where it became the national sport in 1859. In 1867, George Beers, a Montreal dentist, wrote the first set of rules for the sport.
5. Figure skating
The earliest evidence of ice skating dates back to about 3000 BC, when the inhabitants of Scandinavia and Russia filed and turned the legs of large animals (horses, deer and sheep) into skates for winter travel across frozen lakes and waterways.
The technical discipline of figure skating developed in 18th century Britain when people got more time for recreational activities. In 1772, the Englishman Robert Jones wrote the first figure skating textbook, A Treatise on Figure Skating, which offered instructions on how to create figures such as circles, serpentine lines, spirals, and figure eights on the ice.
6. Hockey
The origins of ice hockey go back to stick and ball games played in the Middle Ages or even in Ancient Greece and Egypt. Versions of the game developed in 18th-century Europe and soon spread to Canada and the United States.
According to the International Ice Hockey Federation, the first organized hockey game was played on March 3, 1875 between two teams of nine from the Montreal Victoria Skating Club.
7. Golf
It is known that in Scotland as early as the 15th century people played a form of golf: sometimes they played on large plots of land, sometimes on the streets of villages and towns.
In fact, these transitions occur all over the country, since many cities have arenas that host both professional basketball and ice hockey teams.
Once the ice has melted sufficiently, it is then broken up and carted off by front end loaders.
Compare those costs to the expense of building and maintaining an arena. You'll probably need to do a bit of independent research to determine some approximate costs for these things. Based upon your research, what do you conclude about the wisdom of switching from court to rink and back versus building individual arenas?
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Only the ESPN lottery, where everyone spins the wheel and waits to see if they get one of the best friends of the American people - a backpack, a cap or a shoe bag. 
There are always queues, and the question remains - where do they go an hour and a half before the game? 
American communication is built only on smiles (it seemed sincere to me), the question “how are you?”, which implies hello, and a constant desire to help. 
I am glad that the yellow T-shirt with number 20 does not need to be dug up: it is on the stand, which means that our guy is respected here: “Ordinary players don’t do this, you need to earn a pre-printed number and surname.” 
This is especially felt in basketball, where yellow and purple inserts look much more interesting than heavy hockey jerseys. Basketball players have to invent something, and the most active invent costumes, where every detail - even socks with the image of Kobe - is associated with their club. 
Although stereotypes do not live long in California, there - on the ocean - the press under the T-shirt is as common as a smartphone in your pocket, and college sports are watched during breaks in NHL and NBA matches. 
The Kings, on the other hand, go out on the ice to California rock, their girls know how to skate and hold a wide shovel in their hands. 
Then they showed a white-toothed general from some movie about the Vietnam War, the stands roared, thanked the hero and heard from the speakers that the Americans are a great nation that remembers its heroes. 
By that time the background is evened out, the DJ is no longer experimenting: the Lakers attack with light criminal tunes, and the Denver are frightened by rude sirens. 
The kiss of the 70-year-old couple was even more rejoiced than the dunk from D'Angelo Russell. Excited grandpa kissed his girlfriend even before the kissing camera looked at them, but then strangled his wife with a minute hickey, blowing up the hall no worse than David Beckham, who was in the front row. 
Only the colors change, and the club improves communication with the viewer, sells the merchandise lying around and makes everyone feel good. 
It gets louder when you turn on the noise scale and expect sound from the fans. They react, and then, in anticipation of a three-point hit, raise their finger up. 
Here are the origins of probably the most popular sports in the 21st century. 
In 1772, the Englishman Robert Jones wrote the first figure skating textbook, A Treatise on Figure Skating, which offered instructions on how to create figures such as circles, serpentine lines, spirals, and figure eights on the ice. 
