How does basketball affect the economy

Bachelor of Science in Event and Entertainment Management

Pair your passion for a creative career with a love for events and entertainment.

Catalyst is a podcast from Temple University’s Fox School of Business about the pivotal moments that shape business and the global economy. We interview experts and dig deep into today’s most pressing issues. Season two will answer questions like: How will COVID-19 impact my financial future? Why hasn’t the #MeToo movement reached the professional sports industry? And what makes a leader credible? We explore these questions so you can spark change in your work. Episodes are timely, provocative and designed to help you solve today’s biggest challenges. Subscribe today. 

Resources: 

• Jeremy Jordan, PhD
• Major sporting events, like the Super Bowl, require big investment from host cities
• State College’s hospitality, souvenir businesses take first sack of missing Big Ten fall sports season
• Penn State football holds a local economy on its shoulders. What happens if the season never comes?

Host: Welcome to Catalyst, the podcast from Temple University’s Fox School of Business. I’m your host Tiffany Sumner. Today, we’re joined by Jeremy Jordan, associate dean of the School of Sport, Tourism and Hospitality Management at Temple University. In this episode, Jeremy discusses one of our favorite past times: sports. Sports and the way we consume them have looked a bit [00:01:00] different since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Stadiums and arenas are practically empty and some leagues have even canceled their entire seasons. In normal circumstances, professional and collegiate sports are a big business—but that has changed over the past several months. Today, we tap into Jeremy’s expertise with regard to the economic impact of sporting events. Jeremy illustrates a broad picture of just how much the pandemic has affected this industry, while also providing a blueprint for the road to recovery. Hey, Jeremy, thank you for joining me in the studio today.

Jeremy: You’re welcome. I’m excited to be here.

Host: We’re excited to have you, you’re actually like the third dean from the dean’s office that has let me into your schedule—and your mind—so I appreciate that.  [00:02:00] 

Jeremy: I thought when Tiffany said to show up at this time and thought we were supposed to do that.

Host: I mean I like to think so I don’t know I don’t if that’s how other people view this.

Jeremy: I’m excited to be here. This is obviously an area that I spend a lot of time studying. I’m very passionate about it, and it’s very timely given everything that’s going on so thanks for allowing us to have this discussion. 

Host: A good portion of your research examines the economic impact of sporting events. In traditional circumstances, sports are big businesses but all that has come to a halt as a result of the pandemic. Broadly speaking, how do sports leagues and teams make money and how has the pandemic impacted their ability to do that?

Jeremy: Well, they’re definitely not making the same level of revenue they did before, I mean if you look at the four major sports leagues: the NBA, the NFL, Major League Baseball and the National Hockey League. Revenue across all four leagues is down and down significantly, so if you think about the traditional [00:03:00] ways that professional sports teams make money, the number one revenue source is obviously TV and media rights. Then it’s corporate sponsorships, then you have more local revenue streams: ticketing, local corporate sponsorship, concessions, parking—all the things that are required for someone to attend a game and enjoy the experience. So all of those local revenue sources. Again, the hot dogs, Cokes, the beers, the parking, buying the merchandise—that’s all gone. Obviously, ticketing is not available right now because we’re not letting people in the stands, or if we are, it’s a very limited amount. So what they’re relying on is television money, media rights and also actually sponsorship, which may be surprising to some people that sponsorship spend is actually up year-over-year. A reason for that is because sport is still able to deliver a very desirable market for organizations and connect them to consumers [00:04:00] so as long as you’re able to broadcast sport games and be able to sell commercials, it seems like organizations are willing to purchase those and then also sponsor the events even if no one’s in the stadium.

Host: I can imagine some teams, leagues and college programs have been hit harder than others. Can you elaborate?

Jeremy: Yeah so, if you separate professional sport from collegiate sport, let’s look at it that way. You have some sports like baseball, for example, they have the largest schedule: 162 games. So the ticket revenue that they’re losing is significant. Now, their stadiums are generally smaller than, like, an NFL football stadium but an NFL team is going to have eight regular-season home games and maybe two or three pre-season games. So I think baseball has been hit very significantly. They also had to shorten their season, one of the things that’s a little bit unique about the NFL is they got to play all of their [00:05:00] games they didn’t cancel any games and it’s one of the only leagues that was able to do that so again, that has value especially if you think of the TV deal because basically if you’re not playing a full season you’re not going to receive the full revenue amount. Collegiate is different. If you look at it from the NCAA level they have one primary source of revenue and that’s the men’s basketball tournament that takes place every March. About 85 to 90% of the revenue that’s generated is from that source. That got cancelled last year and so that revenue source goes away or at least the full revenue source goes away. So that’s why this year, I think it’s very likely that there’s some form of the tournament that will be played because it’s such an important source of revenue for the NCAA, and that money doesn’t stay with the NCAA. It’s spread out to its membership, which is all of the schools and conferences that comprise the NCAA. So yeah I think, it’s hit leagues differently, it’s definitely hit collegiate  [00:06:00] sport differently and then if you drill down to the the team level, if you think of like a Penn State that’s really not able to host anyone at their home football games and the impact that not only has on Penn State and their inability to sell tickets and concessions and parking but all of the local businesses, hotels, restaurants, retail that rely on those games as a primary source of revenue for their whole fiscal year. All that went away, and so teams have been hit hard and all of the kind of ancillary businesses that are connected to these events have also been hit hard.

Host: Early on, we saw some leagues like the NBA, WNBA and NHL adopt a bubble format but that cost them a large amount of money and has since been abandoned. Is that because that model is not sustainable?

Jeremy: Yeah, I don’t think it’s sustainable for a couple of reasons; number one, it’s expensive and number two, you’re asking your employees, your athletes to live in this  [00:07:00] bubble and a bubble essentially means that we’re going to bring all the teams, all of the support staff to one geographic location. We’re going to put them in hotels, probably no one else is staying in those hotels, we’re going to use a very limited number of venues, all the games are going to be in the same venues and we’re going to do that for six weeks, eight weeks maybe even longer. So it’s very expensive, it’s very disruptive and again, if you think of the athletes as employees to their personal lives. These individuals, a lot of them have families they have other responsibilities and so you’re asking them to essentially go into quarantine for you know eight weeks and then stay away from the family, so I think the cost, the disruption, all of those things made it very challenging to do that on a sustained basis. Now the NCAA is going to do it for their tournament. They’re going to have the whole tournament In Indianapolis, normally [00:08:00]  this is spread out across various destinations based on the round of the tournament, but this year the whole thing will be in Indianapolis. They’re going to use again a set number of venues, they’re going to take over five or six or seven hotels, and so really try to build their own bubble so that they can make sure to have the tournament.

Host: And, is the bubble format helpful in illustrating the significance of sporting events?

Jeremy: It is because it’s not an ideal situation for anyone and again if you go back to the NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament, these destinations bid to host these rounds, these events and so it’s a significant loss. Philadelphia has hosted in the past, and so if you were set to have you know the first couple rounds or the the following rounds at your destination, you’ve lost that and that’s is a significant source of impact for your community. So it is a very difficult thing  [00:09:00] to do, but it does identify how important it is, again from a revenue perspective, to make sure these events take place so that they can be broadcast on TV.

Host: The return of live sports would definitely boost many who have been impacted by the pandemic. We’ve seen teams lay off a significant number of employees, concession vendors have been out of work for a year. Just how hard has the pandemic hit those who work within organizations or those who work within the stadiums and arena walls?

Jeremy: Yeah, it’s been devastating, they’ve had zero income coming in. I think for a while organizations whether it be a team or a venue management company did their best to try to retain their employees and support them. But we’re at a year now where we’ve not had live sporting events really with any kind of significant attendance of fans and so you don’t need concessionaires, you don’t need parking, you don’t need a lot of the operations, you don’t need people to sell tickets because there are no tickets to sell.  [00:10:00]  So these individuals likely have had to find employment in other sectors and so it’s been really, really challenging for them and unfortunately that sometimes the group that we don’t talk enough about, is all the people that rely on these events for their livelihood, not necessarily the athletes or the owners or the leagues but the people that go and sell me my hot dogs and sell me my program and make sure I get a parking spot. Those folks have been really, really been hit hard in and you know the sooner live sports events can come back, the better for them if they choose to come back to this industry.

Host:  One positive thing that we’ve talked about on this podcast is innovation. I’m sure that’s actually happening within sports too, even just this idea of games being virtual. I mean, we still had a Super Bowl this year and there was still a halftime performance. Can we see the pandemic leading to new jobs within the industry based on innovation?

Jeremy: Absolutely.  [00:11:00]  At STHM, we have just recently created a new degree program in the event in entertainment management and it wasn’t because of Covid but one of the things that has happened as a result of COVID is that they estimate that the virtual event industry will go from 78 billion dollars to 780 billion dollars by 2030, and so that’s obviously a very significant increase. It requires a new workforce with certain types of skills and training and experiences so yeah, I mean we’ve seen drafts now that have happened virtually, we’ve seen situations where teams have live fans in the stands but they’re virtual fans, they’re actually at home cheering from home and then we pay for that opportunity, and so I think there are new revenue sources, there are new ways to innovate.   [00:12:00]  There’s definitely going to be a change in how we consume sport. You won’t necessarily need to be at the game to have that live, in-game experience. I think we’re going to continue to evolve and so that people can maybe get a similar experience but not necessarily be there physically.

Host: Covid has encouraged many industries to hit the reset button. To that point, why should people still explore working in sports? 

Jeremy: Sports are not going away. It’s too important to our culture, not just here in the U.S. but globally. I mean sport continues to be some of the highest-rated television if you look at the shows that get the highest viewership. It is something that continues to be in every nightly newscast, it’s something that crosses socio-economic, racial, gender lines, it’s something that builds community, so it’s not an industry that is going  [00:13:00] to die off because of Covid. So when it starts to and it’s already in recovery so when it gets more to what maybe we knew of in 2019, there’s going to be a huge opportunity for people that want to work in this industry, not only because a lot of organizations are going to have to rebuild workforce but again, I think these organizations understand that they’re not going to be able to do things the same way and so they’re looking for people that come in with new ideas, new experiences, new ways of doing things so for us again at STHM with our Sports Business program both at the undergrad and grad level and even our tourism and Hospitality program because these things are all related, it’s an opportunity for us to make sure our students are on the forefront and have these new skills and that we’re providing these experiences, so that they can go out and not just help these organizations move through recovery but really thrive on the other side.

Host: Those are fascinating points, and I think you know you’ve already started to hit on this [00:14:00]  but I’m sort of curious, how quickly do you think that the sports industry can recover after the pandemic? And I also want to say earlier out of spring semester Dean Ron Anderson, when we were talking about the Biden administration had sort of mentioned that the Roaring Twenties similar to The Roaring Twenties last century is probably going to be a time when post-pandemic, everyone wants to be out of their house. I’m sort of curious how you think sports events will fit into that?

Jeremy: It absolutely will fit into that. You know, they’re estimating that leisure travel will come back before business travel and so obviously sport is connected to leisure travel and so as people become more comfortable, not just attending events but just traveling, in general, it provides sport an opportunity to start to flourish again and so I think there will be increased demand [00:15:00] for sport and sporting events. I think, in all honesty, it is probably 18 to 24 months before we see a full stadium. The vaccination is still ongoing, and I think it’s picking up steam and we’re able to do more of that on a broader scale but until people really sense that they can go and sit next to a stranger and be confident that that’s okay, we probably won’t have these full stadiums but it won’t —  I think the sport will be one of the industries  that recovers very quickly just because people will want an opportunity to connect with each other and that’s a big part of the sport.

Host: Great and last question, and I promise we will not hold you to this, how long do you think it’ll take the Linc to be filled with 70,000 screaming Eagle fans again?

Jeremy: Well, knowing Eagle fans, I would imagine they’re one of the groups that would be willing to take a little bit more risk [00:16:00] than some others to get back there, so I would be on the forefront of having a full stadium. Again, just in my opinion, and I’m not a health professional or someone who studies that part of COVID, but I think next fall, there will be many more people in the stands. I think the likelihood of a full stadium is still a little bit of a reach, but Fall 2022, I think there’s a much better opportunity for us to have that full event experience, not just being in the stands but the tailgating and the connecting with each other which again I think is a big part—a big thing that people miss right now and sport can really provide that.

Host: Absolutely, any other words of wisdom or silver linings you want to leave us with today?

Jeremy: If you’re interested in working in sport, now is the time because in the next couple of years there’s going to be a lot of jobs, a lot of innovation, a lot of hiring so you know to take advantage of this opportunity to either pivot  [00:17:00] and get into the industry or start your academic and professional development, so that you can take advantage of the wave that’s coming.

Host: I want to thank Jeremy for sharing his insights on the sport industry. As Jeremy detailed, COVID-19 has taken its toll on sports—affecting everyone from high-ranking team employees to stadium concession vendors. The road to recovery is only in the beginning stages, however, sports are a fabric of our culture and they’re not going anywhere. We’ve already seen several innovations emerge in the field, such as virtual crowds, remote drafts and interactive apps. More innovations are likely to come in the months ahead. When the dust has finally settled, we may even find that this industry re-emerges [00:18:00] from the pandemic stronger than ever before. This will excite sports fans and makes it the perfect time for students to explore working in the field.

Catalyst is a podcast from Temple University’s Fox School of Business. Visit us on the web at fox.temple.edu/catalyst. We are produced by Milk street Marketing, Megan Alt, Anna Batt, Stephen Orbanek and Karen Naylor. I hope you’ll join us next time. Until then, I’m Tiffany Sumner and this is Catalyst. 

COVID-19FinanceJeremy JordanNBANFLNHLSchool of SportSportsSTHMTourism

The impact of basketball lessons on the formation and comprehensive development of the body of schoolchildren - Secondary School No.

The main task of any educational institution, and in particular a physical education teacher, is to educate a full-fledged, healthy, physically and morally stable younger generation. Unfortunately, today we are faced with a very serious problem - the general weakening of the health of graduates - schoolchildren. Most of them are not energetic, physically weak, anemic, suffer from various types of health problems. The bulk of today's students are practically not fond of sports, they are not interested in physical education lessons. The health of 80% of students is weakened, there is a violation of posture, underdevelopment of muscle mass, obesity and dystrophy. The activity of schoolchildren is very low, they are drowsy, they can hardly cope with the curriculum. The psyche of most of them is not stable, the children are quick-tempered, touchy, and react inadequately to comments. These circumstances prompted us to conduct experimental work with the group of schoolchildren who play basketball.

Basketball is an intense sport game, one of the most important means of physical education. Systematic basketball exercises strengthen health, promote comprehensive physical development, and bring up the will, perseverance, and courage. It attracts with its spectacularity, abundance of various technical and tactical techniques, emotionality, airiness, dynamism, collectivism and individualism at the same time, and besides, in our opinion, and many specialists, it is the most effective means for comprehensive physical development.

By the way, basketball is perhaps the only popular sport that has managed to win the hearts of fans all over the world in a matter of decades, which in itself seems to be an unprecedented phenomenon. The popularity of basketball and its widespread use in the system of physical education are determined, first of all, by the economic availability of the game, high emotionality, great spectacular effect, a complex effect on the body and education of young people, and therefore, further in the text, we give the most characteristic features of basketball.

Basketball is based on natural movements - running, jumping, throwing, passing. They are easy to teach children, teenagers and adults. Therefore, basketball is included in the program of upbringing and education of children, starting from kindergartens, and ball games - from the age of two. The desire to surpass the opponent in the speed of actions aimed at achieving victory teaches those involved to mobilize their capabilities, act with maximum effort, and overcome difficulties that arise in the course of wrestling. These features contribute to the education of perseverance, determination and purposefulness.

A varied alternation of movements and actions, often changing in intensity and duration, has a general complex effect on the body of those involved. Basketball lessons contribute to the development of basic physical qualities. The game environment changes very quickly and creates new game situations. These conditions teach players to constantly monitor the process of the game, instantly assess the situation, act proactively, resourcefully and quickly in any situation. Continuous observation of the game process helps the development of abilities for a wide distribution and concentration of attention, for spatial and temporal orientation.

Basketball is popular all over the world. But the training of young athletes is a time-consuming and responsible business, since mistakes can lead to various adverse health consequences. Therefore, the tasks of training students, means, methods, forms of organization of the educational and training process should, first of all, follow from the age patterns of their development and the functional capabilities of the body.

A variety of basketball training conditions contribute to the comprehensive physical development, especially of such motor qualities as speed, endurance, dexterity, strength. Various game situations, possession of the ball, fighting with an opponent involve large muscle groups and have a positive effect on the development and strengthening of the main functional systems of the body, primarily on the cardiovascular, respiratory and autonomic nervous systems. During training sessions, moral and volitional qualities are brought up in children - discipline, courage, perseverance, the ability to overcome difficulties of any nature, diligence, a sense of collectivism.

A number of basketball features determine its great health-improving, educational and applied value. The theory and methodology of youth sports take into account the age characteristics of schoolchildren, the specifics of the use of means, methods, organizational forms that are most appropriate for each stage of many years of sports training. In comparison with other methods and forms of physical education of schoolchildren, sports, and in particular basketball, most effectively stimulates positive functional and morphological changes in the developing organism, to a greater extent affects the development of motor abilities.

It is reasonable to believe that it is sport that most contributes to the mental development of children and adolescents. Teenagers are generally characterized by rapidly developing self-awareness, the desire to experience the valuable qualities of a person (volitional, moral, physical). And it is in sports that schoolchildren find effective means of developing these abilities.

The competitive nature of the game, the continuous change in the situation, success or failure causes athletes to display a variety of feelings and experiences that affect their activities. A high emotional level helps to maintain constant activity and interest in the game. These features of basketball create favorable conditions for educating basketball players, the ability to manage emotions, not to lose control over their actions. Each player during the meeting, taking into account the changing game environment, not only independently determines what actions he needs to perform, but also decides when and how to act. This is important for educating those involved in creative initiative. In general, we should not forget that of all team sports, basketball is more prone than others to display individual ability and dribbling, and also, at times, single-handedly decide the outcome of this or that match.

The rules of the game provide for the ethical behavior of athletes in relation to opponents and referees. Personal and technical punishments serve as a means to regulate the relationship between the participants in the competition. This feature is most important for fostering friendship and camaraderie, and developing the habit of subordinating one's actions to the interests of the team.

Basketball has become widespread all over the world, every year the interest in this sport increases, the competition in the international arena intensifies. The latter causes the need to improve teaching methods, taking into account the development trends of basketball. The variety of motor actions of athletes during the game makes it very difficult to quantify their components. The modern educational process urgently puts forward the need to develop methods for an integrative qualitative-quantitative description of an athlete's body as a large system in order to rationally model his condition.

In the course of the research, the features of the physical fitness of children involved in basketball were determined, as well as the initial level of development of the physical qualities of children according to six tests presented. Further work took shape in the development and testing of the OFP program for the experimental group with a focus on developing the general physical qualities of young basketball players. The obtained theoretical and practical material confirms our hypothesis that in a general education school the methodology for the development of physical qualities in the classroom under the program with basketball training contributes to an increase in functional performance and general physical training of students.

The analysis of the results obtained after the formative work and control tests on the same tests allowed us to draw the following conclusions: a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results of the final, control stages of the experiment showed us a significantly positive growth dynamics in the development of the results obtained by students involved in basketball, relative to the initial ones, and the same applies to students who are not involved in basketball. Experimental data emphasize the stimulating effect of optimally organized physical activity on the level of physical and mental performance. Thus, we can conclude that playing basketball significantly stimulates motor functions - the main functions of the human body, which should be constantly improved to improve performance in any type of activity, including mental.

The impact of basketball on the overall development of the body

Introduction

"It is not difficult to see that the game of ball can develop the properties of the soul and body to the high degree to which people aspire."

Claudius Galen

Any person should strive to become useful to his country and society. But this can only be done by people with comprehensively developed spiritual and physical powers. They can become such only under the influence of certain social conditions of life, among which a special role belongs to physical education. The main task of any educational institution today is the education of a full-fledged, healthy, physically and morally stable younger generation. Unfortunately, today we are faced with a very serious problem - the general weakening of schoolchildren. Most of them are not energetic, physically weak, anemic, suffer from various types of health problems. Recently, many schoolchildren have observed disharmonious development, deficiency or excess of body weight - acceleration, accelerated development of the adolescent's body during puberty, all this affects the state of health.

The majority of today's students are practically not fond of sports, they are not interested in physical education lessons. The health of 80% of students is weakened, there is a violation of posture, underdevelopment of muscle mass, obesity and dystrophy. The motor activity of school-age children is very low, they are drowsy, they can hardly cope with the curriculum. The psyche of most of them is not stable, the children are quick-tempered, touchy, and react inadequately to comments.

Unfortunately, today many schoolchildren give more preference to computer games and watching TV, instead of going out into the yard, running around and playing, for example, with the same ball.

Currently, there are many sports games that have ample opportunities for developing physical qualities and functions of the body, improving health, and increasing physical activity.

Basketball is perhaps the only popular sport that has managed to win the hearts of fans around the world in a matter of decades, which in itself is an unprecedented phenomenon. The popularity of basketball and its widespread use in the system of physical education are determined, first of all, by the economic availability of the game, high emotionality, great spectacular effect, complex impact on the body and education of young people.

Basketball is based on natural movements - running, jumping, throwing, passing. They are easy to teach children, teenagers and adults. Therefore, basketball is included in the program of upbringing and education of children, starting from kindergartens, and ball games - from the age of two. The desire to surpass the opponent in the speed of actions aimed at achieving victory teaches those involved to mobilize their capabilities, act with maximum effort, and overcome difficulties that arise in the course of wrestling. These features contribute to the education of perseverance, determination and purposefulness.

Systematic basketball exercises improve health, promote all-round physical development, develop will, perseverance, and courage. It attracts with an abundance of various technical techniques, - tactics, emotionality, airiness, dynamism, at the same time collectivism and individualism, and besides, in our opinion and many specialists, it is the most effective means for comprehensive physical development.

Theoretical foundations of learning

basketball lessons for the development of schoolchildren

The history of the development of modern basketball

Ball games have always been popular. Many of the modern games have their counterparts in ancient civilizations that existed long before our era. So, for example, the Mayan Indians had a cult game called “pok ta pok”. It is described in sufficient detail in the work of art "Warrior from Quirigua" and its essence is as follows: the players are divided into two teams, the purpose of which is to throw a heavy ball made of solid rubber into a stone ring attached to the wall. Moreover, the diameter of the hole in which it was necessary to hit the ball was almost the same as the ball.

It is known for certain that the founder of modern basketball is James Naismith, who, of course, became the person who began to popularize this sport. The game was invented in December 1891 to keep American Young Christians college students busy during the cold, snowy winters so common in Springfield, Massachusetts, where James Naismith was teaching at the time. Dr. Naismith formulated the principles and first rules while presenting the game to his students in the college gym. They haven't changed to this day:

• you need a ball to play: big and light, easy to handle;

• running with the ball is prohibited

• during the game the ball can be handled by any player of any team and hung high above the heads of the players.

The game invented by Naismith quickly gained popularity: after all, his students, going home for the Christmas holidays, introduced all their friends to it. Only one year had passed, and basketball was played all over the United States. And since there were 5 Canadians and 1 Japanese among Naismith's students, the basketball epidemic swept these countries too

Over the years, the rules of basketball have changed, making the game open, fast and dynamic.

Influence of basketball lessons on physical development

and the health of schoolchildren

Basketball is one of those means of physical education that most significantly affect the comprehensive development of a person, improving his physiological performance. The movements in basketball make the body work smoothly during the game, like a clock

1. Influence on the musculoskeletal system

Almost all types of muscles work very actively in this game, as we jump, run, walk, bend over and straighten up. From this, the intensity of work often changes, since accelerations and decelerations of movement, as well as jumps, constantly alternate with playing at a slow pace. For one game, a person on average overcomes 7 km.

Some exercises of modern basketball are so useful that they have been included in many courses of physical therapy. For example, such an exercise for basketball as throwing the ball into the basket develops the hands, muscles of the legs and back, which can be a good prevention of joint disease. An interesting and mobile game from

constant movement will help weakened and inactive people feel much better after regular training.
2. Influence on the respiratory system

Regular exercise increases the vital capacity of the lungs. Basketball leads to an increase in the frequency of respiratory movements, it reaches 50-60 cycles per minute with a volume in the range of 120-150 liters. This has a beneficial effect on the health of a person who becomes more enduring and energetic, gradually developing the respiratory organs.

3. Influence on the circulatory system

The number of heartbeats during the match ranges from 160-230 beats/min, on average -199 beats/min. The external work of the heart increases by 4 times, and the index of cardiac output increases by 7 times.

An increase in the relative volume of the heart (13000-1400 cm3) is observed in basketball players in more than 50% of cases compared to untrained men. They associate this phenomenon with the specifics of sports activities. The relationship between the value of the volume of the heart and physical performance in athletes is linear. The greater the volume of the sports heart, the higher the physical performance of the athlete. Of all team sports, this figure is the highest for basketball players.[5]

4. Influence on the digestive system

Due to prolonged physical activity and intensive breathing, not only the lungs are well trained (their volume increases), but also the organs of the digestive system.

Considerable energy costs for one productive game of basketball are approximately 900-1200 kilocalories. As a result, working muscles use a significant amount of body fat to consume the missing energy, gradually relieving a person of extra pounds. Slender people in this case continue to strengthen and maintain a magnificent figure. Today, this fact motivates many overweight men and women to start healthy basketball training to get a beautiful figure in the process of an exciting game.

Relationship between basketball and mental activity

During the game of basketball, the nervous system is active, which constantly controls and regulates the activity of all organs, coordinates movements. The need to switch from one level of activity to another determines the special nature of the course of nervous processes. Such a large load in the training and competitive processes improves the entire central nervous system.

Rapid assimilation of a wide range of changing information during a direct fight with an opponent with a constant lack of time is associated with increased activity and improvement of the functions of the visual analyzer. The peripheral elements of the retina provide control over the movements of partners and opponents on the court, and the central elements keep the ball in sight. It is believed that the response to signals from the periphery of the visual field is lower than from the central one. In relation to basketball players, some reject this view, believing that they are equally responsive to signals both in the center and in the periphery of the field of view. A person playing basketball improves his peripheral vision, and this is a big plus that has a significant impact on the effectiveness of visual perception. Studies have shown that today regular basketball lessons increase the sensitivity of visual perception of light impulses by 40% on average.

Spatial (deep) vision is improved while passing the ball to a moving partner, catching, dribbling.

The motor analyzer experiences a large load in the process of differentiated efforts associated with high accuracy of movements during throws and ball passes.

A. P. Laptev, investigating the time of a motor reaction (maximum frequency of movements in 10, 20 s), the accuracy of muscle efforts during actions with the hands, the differentiation of time in short intervals (1.5-3.0 s), the speed of viewing proofreading text , found that basketball players have significantly better performance compared to representatives of other sports

An indispensable tool for the mental education of school-age children is outdoor games, in particular basketball, where during the game memory is activated, thinking develops, vocabulary is replenished, i. e. children's speech is enriched.

I.M. Sechenov pointed out that muscle movements are of great importance for the development of brain activity. In this process, the motor analyzer plays a special role. The motor analyzer provides the perception and analysis of information about the movement and position of the body in space.

When muscles contract, a stream of nerve impulses enters the cerebral cortex, and their tone increases. The motor analyzer is a link in interanalyzer relations and is considered by modern science as a mechanism for sensorimotor integration along with the frontal lobes.

Along with the great influence of motor actions on the intellectual development of children, the formation of motor skills, the improvement of their motor skills are directly dependent on the nature of the mental activity of schoolchildren.

The problem of the relationship between mental and physical activity is especially relevant at the present time, based on the tasks of educating a creatively thinking younger generation.

For the normal mental performance of the organism, an optimal ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the cerebral cortex is necessary. From a poorly functioning muscular system, a limited flow of information enters the brain, and this leads to a decrease in the excitatory process and inhibition in the cerebral cortex. There are conditions for increased fatigue, decreased performance, deterioration of well-being.

Study load in conditions of reduced physical activity and processing of a large amount of information often leads to mental strain. Daily lack of movement and mental overload often lead to sleep and appetite disorders, irritability, headaches and other disorders, such as neurosis, congestion in the lungs and abdominal cavity, lower extremities, intestinal atony, a decrease or increase in blood pressure.

Motor activity reduces the excessive tone of cerebral vessels, improves cerebral blood flow, promotes the supply of oxygen to nerve cells, the removal of "slags" from them.

Regular classes in sports sections and circles provide the greatest assistance in increasing overall mental performance, the body's resistance to fatigue throughout the week, quarter, year. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of mental performance in those involved in sports are higher than those who attend only physical education classes.

After short-term intense loads, memory and attention improve to the greatest extent after about two hours, thinking - immediately after the load and after three to four hours.

Basketball and personality formation

Basketball has a positive effect not only on physical and mental development, but also forms the personality as a whole. Along with the impact on health, playing basketball develops a strong-willed character, self-control and a stable psyche. The process of competition leads to the motivation to find creative solutions in difficult situations. Team play contributes to the development of tactics on the way to the goal, improves communication skills and initiative of the individual. Systematic training also leads to the formation of independence, perseverance and purposefulness.

Children involved in the basketball section cultivate such character traits as endurance, willpower, discipline, courage, perseverance and self-control. They value time.

Nowadays, children do not have ideals worthy of emulation. Children involved in sports have ideals. They want to imitate the best sports "stars", their coaches, the heroes of literary books and films.

6

Basketball is a coin in the piggy bank of personal growth, self-confidence, a resource as the ability to survive, overcome difficulties, grow up. Practice shows that the experience gained within the walls of the Youth Sports School, in sports sections, helps yesterday's athletes to achieve their goals in adulthood. Basketball also contributes to the education of a number of positive qualities and character traits: the ability to subordinate personal interests to the interests of the team, mutual assistance, respect for partners and rivals in the game, conscious discipline, activity, a sense of responsibility, punctuality, sports ethics.

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