Where Basketball was Invented: The History of Basketball
Where Basketball Originated
It was the winter of 1891-1892. Inside a gymnasium at Springfield College (then known as the International YMCA Training School), located in Springfield, Mass., was a group of restless college students. The young men had to be there; they were required to participate in indoor activities to burn off the energy that had been building up since their football season ended. The gymnasium class offered them activities such as marching, calisthenics, and apparatus work, but these were pale substitutes for the more exciting games of football and lacrosse they played in warmer seasons.
James Naismith, The Person Who Invented Basketball
The instructor of this class was James Naismith, a 31-year-old graduate student. After graduating from Presbyterian College in Montreal with a theology degree, Naismith embraced his love of athletics and headed to Springfield to study physical education—at that time, a relatively new and unknown academic discipline—under Luther Halsey Gulick, superintendent of physical education at the College and today renowned as the father of physical education and recreation in the United States.
As Naismith, a second-year graduate student who had been named to the teaching faculty, looked at his class, his mind flashed to the summer session of 1891, when Gulick introduced a new course in the psychology of play. In class discussions, Gulick had stressed the need for a new indoor game, one “that would be interesting, easy to learn, and easy to play in the winter and by artificial light.” No one in the class had followed up on Gulick’s challenge to invent such a game. But now, faced with the end of the fall sports season and students dreading the mandatory and dull required gymnasium work, Naismith had a new motivation.
Two instructors had already tried and failed to devise activities that would interest the young men. The faculty had met to discuss what was becoming a persistent problem with the class’s unbridled energy and disinterest in required work.
During the meeting, Naismith later wrote that he had expressed his opinion that “the trouble is not with the men, but with the system that we are using. ” He felt that the kind of work needed to motivate and inspire the young men he faced “should be of a recreative nature, something that would appeal to their play instincts.”
Before the end of the faculty meeting, Gulick placed the problem squarely in Naismith’s lap.
“Naismith,” he said. “I want you to take that class and see what you can do with it.”
So Naismith went to work. His charge was to create a game that was easy to assimilate, yet complex enough to be interesting. It had to be playable indoors or on any kind of ground, and by a large number of players all at once. It should provide plenty of exercise, yet without the roughness of football, soccer, or rugby since those would threaten bruises and broken bones if played in a confined space.
Much time and thought went into this new creation. It became an adaptation of many games of its time, including American rugby (passing), English rugby (the jump ball), lacrosse (use of a goal), soccer (the shape and size of the ball), and something called duck on a rock, a game Naismith had played with his childhood friends in Bennie’s Corners, Ontario. Duck on a rock used a ball and a goal that could not be rushed. The goal could not be slammed through, thus necessitating “a goal with a horizontal opening high enough so that the ball would have to be tossed into it, rather than being thrown.”
Naismith approached the school janitor, hoping he could find two, 18-inch square boxes to use as goals. The janitor came back with two peach baskets instead. Naismith then nailed them to the lower rail of the gymnasium balcony, one at each end. The height of that lower balcony rail happened to be ten feet. A man was stationed at each end of the balcony to pick the ball from the basket and put it back into play. It wasn’t until a few years later that the bottoms of those peach baskets were cut to let the ball fall loose.
Naismith then drew up the 13 original rules, which described, among other facets, the method of moving the ball and what constituted a foul. A referee was appointed. The game would be divided into two, 15-minute halves with a five-minute resting period in between. Naismith’s secretary typed up the rules and tacked them on the bulletin board. A short time later, the gym class met, and the teams were chosen with three centers, three forwards, and three guards per side. Two of the centers met at mid-court, Naismith tossed the ball, and the game of “basket ball” was born.
Here's the history of basketball—from peach baskets in Springfield to global phenomenon
James Naismith, a Canadian American physical educator and innovator, invented the game of basketball in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1891 to keep his students active during the winter. The game was an immediate success and the original American sport spread instantly to other colleges and YMCAs. Naismith is pictured here with his wife Maude Evelyn Sherman Naismith.
Photograph via Agefotostock / Alamy Stock Photo
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The nets used by athletes to dunk the ball and score points in the beloved game of basketball evolved from peaches, or rather the baskets used to collect peaches.
That’s what a young athletic director ultimately used on a cold day back in 1891 for a new game he created to keep his students engaged.
James Naismith was a 31-year old graduate student teaching physical education at the International YMCA Training School, now known as Springfield College, in Springfield, Massachusetts when students were forced to stay indoors for days due to a New England storm. The usual winter athletic activities were marching, calisthenics, and apparatus work but they weren’t nearly as thrilling as football or lacrosse which were played during the warmer seasons.
James Naismith, the creator of basketball, stands with the 1899 University of Kansas basketball team.
Photography via Florida Historical 1A / Alamy Stock Photo
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Naismith wanted to create a game that would be simple to understand but complex enough to be interesting. The game had to be playable indoors, and it had to accommodate several players at once. The game also needed to provide plenty of exercise for the students, yet without the physicality of football, soccer, or rugby since those would threaten more severe injuries if played in a confined space. (See 100 years of football in pictures.)
Naismith approached the school janitor, hoping he could find two square boxes to use for goals. When the janitor came back from his search, he had two peach baskets instead. Naismith nailed the peach baskets to the lower rail of the gymnasium balcony, one on each side. The height of that lower balcony rail happened to be 10 feet. The students would play on teams to try to get the ball into their team’s basket. A person was stationed at each end of the balcony to retrieve the ball from the basket and put it back into play.
The first game ever played between students was a complete brawl.
Two boys stand on the first basketball court in the gymnasium of the School for Christian Workers, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1900s.
Photograph via. Hulton Archive/Getty Images
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“The boys began tackling, kicking and punching in the crunches, they ended up in a free for all in the middle of the gym floor before I could pull them apart,” Naismith said during a January 1939 radio program on WOR in New York City called We the People, his only known recording. “One boy was knocked out. Several of them had black eyes and one had a dislocated shoulder.” Naismith said. “After that first match, I was afraid they'd kill each other, but they kept nagging me to let them play again so I made up some more rules.”
The humble beginnings of the only professional sport to originate in the United States laid the foundation for today’s multi-billion-dollar business. The current National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) March Madness college basketball tournament includes the best 68 of more than 1,000 college teams, stadiums that seat tens of thousands of spectators and lucrative television contracts.
Details of the original 1891 copy of the rules of "Basket Ball" are presented at Sotheby's auction house December 3, 2010 in New York City. The two-page document sold for $4.3 million.
Photograph by Chris Hondros, Getty Images
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Original rules of the game
Naismith didn’t create all of the rules at once, but continued to modify them into what are now known as the original 13 rules. Some are still part of the modern game today. Naismith’s original rules of the game sold at auction in 2010 for $4.3 million.
In the original rules: The ball could be thrown in any direction with one or both hands, never a fist. A player could not run with the ball but had to throw it from the spot where it was caught. Players were not allowed to push, trip or strike their opponents. The first infringement was considered a foul. A second foul would disqualify a player until the next goal was made. But if there was evidence that a player intended to injure an opponent, the player would be disqualified for the whole game.
Umpires served as judges for the game, made note of fouls and had the power to disqualify players. They decided when the ball was in bounds, to which side it belonged, and managed the time. Umpires decided when a goal had been made and kept track of the goals.
If a team made three consecutive fouls, the opposing team would be allowed a goal.
A goal was made when the ball was thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stayed there. If the ball rested on the edges, and the opponent moved the basket, it would count as a goal. When the ball went out of bounds, it was thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. The person throwing the ball was allowed five seconds; if he held it longer, the ball would go to the opponent. In case of a dispute, an umpire would throw the ball straight into the field. If any side persisted in delaying the game, the umpire would call a foul on that side.
The length of a game was two 15-minute halves, with five minutes' rest between. The team making the most goals within the allotted time was declared the winner. If a game was tied, it could be continued until another goal was made.
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Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.
Left: University of Kansas women's basketball team members Marcella Morewitz, left, and Grace Endicott get expert coaching from Dr. James Naismith, a member of the university's faculty and inventor of basketball, in 1926.
Photograph by George Rinhart, Corbis/Getty Images
Right: Olivia Nelson-Ododa (#20) of the University of Connecticut Huskies goes up for a basket against Digna Strautmane (#45) of the Syracuse Orange during the second round of the 2021 NCAA Women’s Basketball Tournament at the Alamodome on March 23, 2021 in San Antonio, Texas. UCONN won the game and advanced to the Sweet 16. The Huskies have won more NCAA championships than any other women's basketball team in the nation. They cut down the nets, an honor for the winning team, in 1995, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016.
Photograph by Carmen Mandato, Getty Images
First public games
The first public game of basketball was played in a YMCA gymnasium and was recorded by the Springfield Republican on March 12th, 1892. The instructors played against the students. Around 200 spectators attended to discover this new sport they had never heard of or seen before. In the story published by the Republican, the teachers were credited with “agility” but the student’s “science” is what led them to defeat the teachers 5-1.
Within weeks the sport’s popularity grew rapidly. Students attending other schools introduced the game at their own YMCAs. The original rules were printed in a college magazine, which was mailed to YMCAs across the country. With the colleges’ well-represented international student body the sport also was introduced to many foreign nations. High schools began to introduce the new game, and by 1905, basketball was officially recognized as a permanent winter sport.
The first intercollegiate basketball game between two schools is disputed, according to the NCAA. In 1893, two school newspaper articles were published chronicling separate recordings of collegiate basketball games facing an opposing college team.
In 1892, less than a year after Naismith created the sport, Smith College gymnastics instructor Senda Berenson, introduced the game to women’s athletics. The first recorded intercollegiate game between women took place between Stanford University and University of California at Berkeley in 1896.
With the sport’s growth in popularity, it gained notice from the International Olympic Committee and was introduced at the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis as a demonstration event. It wasn’t until 1936 that basketball was recognized as a medal event. Women’s basketball wasn’t included as an Olympic medal event until the 1976 Montreal games. (Wheelchair basketball in Cambodia changed these women's lives.)
Jim Baechtold (10) of the New York Knickerbockers and Bob Brannum (18) of the Boston Celtics try to get a rebound in the first quarter of a March 16, 1954 NBA playoff game at the Boston Garden. Others in the picture are Celtics Chuck Cooper (11) center, and Bob Cousy (14) left. In 1950, Cooper was the first Black basketball player drafted by an NBA team.
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As the sport continued its rapid spread, professional leagues began to form across the United States. Basketball fans cheered on their new hometown teams. The first professional league was the National Basketball League (NBL) formed in 1898, comprised of six teams in the northeast. The league only lasted about five years. After it dissolved in 1904, the league would be reintroduced 33 years later in 1937 with an entirely new support system, with Goodyear, Firestone, and General Electric corporations as the league owners, and 13 teams.
While professional sports leagues gained nationwide attention, college basketball was also a major fixture. The first NCAA tournament, which included eight teams, was held in 1939 at Northwestern University. The first collegiate basketball national champion was the University of Oregon. The team defeated Ohio State University.
Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.
Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.
Left: Villagers watch a basketball game at Yangping Village in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, China on July 12, 2020.
Photograph by Shi Yunping, VCG / Getty Images
Right: Oklahoma City Thunder player Steven Adams (12) rebounds in a game against the Portland Trail Blazers at Chesapeake Energy Arena in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, on April 21, 2019.
Photograph by Greg Nelson, Sports Illustrated / Getty Images
Like most of the United States in the early to mid 1900s, basketball was segregated. The sport wouldn’t be integrated until 1950 when Chuck Cooper was drafted by the Boston Celtics. Prior to Cooper being drafted there were groups of black teams across the country, commonly known as “the black fives”, which referred to the five starting players on a basketball team. All-black teams were often referred to as colored quints or Negro cagers. The teams flourished in New York City, Washington, D.C., Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Chicago, and in other cities with substantial African American populations. They were amateur, semi-professional, and professional.
Of the more than 1,000 collegiate basketball teams across all divisions of the NCAA, 68 teams play in the annual March Madness tournament. The best college teams from each conference around the country compete for a place in the Sweet 16, Elite Eight, Final Four and, ultimately, the national championship. Though basketball might not be played the same way as it was when Naismith invented it—peach baskets have been replaced with nets, metal hoops and plexiglass blackboards—its evolution proves that the game has transcended a century.
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Who and how invented basketball? — History of inventions
Basketball is an active and exciting sport game. To beat a competitive team, qualities such as endurance, teamwork and resilience are needed. Basketball is not only about tall players, an orange ball and a hoop, but also strategic thinking and phenomenal endurance. Today this game is one of the most popular in the world. But how did it happen? Where did it come from? How was basketball invented? This question interests many fans and players.
First attempts
Basketball was based on an ancient ritual - a kind of competition called pitz. In ancient times, in the Mayan tribe, this sports game helped to resolve controversial issues. Probably, that's how they decided there when the apocalypse would happen. The ball had to hit the ring, and then the issue was decided in favor of the lucky Indian. It was placed on a raised platform. The height reached ten meters. The use of hands was prohibited. The Indians were helped by legs, hips, head. The team consisted of two to five people. A feature of the ancient game was the location of the ring: perpendicular to the sides of the playing field. The first goal scored helped the team to win.
There is a version that the Indians from the losing team were sacrificed. Many fans would probably bring this custom back from the darkness of centuries of oblivion. The pitz ritual competition can be called the progenitor of giant competitions.
History of creation
James Naismith - creator of basketball
Many people wonder in which country basketball was invented? The United States is rightfully called the birthplace of the game of giants. Basketball was invented by Canadian teacher James Naismith. It was first played by students in 1891 year. Since the class was indoors during the winter season, the students did not like the monotony of warm-ups and gymnastic exercises. Active and exciting competitions should have interested the students. And basketball coped with this task with a bang!
As conceived by Naismith, the new game had to meet several requirements:
competitive and dynamic;
not traumatic;
the whole body of the player will work;
requires certain physical skills.
So the young teacher created a new sporting event that interested the whole class. A pair of baskets were attached to the balcony railing. The students were asked to score the ball into an impromptu ring. But the modern game was still far away. Naismith's game interested many teenagers and began to be played on the streets in various variations.
For this first basketball game in 1891, Naismith used two peach baskets as a hoop. The students were full of enthusiasm. Word of the newly invented game spread. Numerous associations wrote to Naismith for copies of the rules, which were published in the January 15, 189 issue of The Triangle.2 years, University Newspaper YMCA Training School.
In 1894, basketball became such a popular entertainment that it began to acquire the first rules and conditions, enshrined in a single standard. Teams began to play with five players on each side. Depending on external circumstances, the number changed. It's about the area of the room. Three years later, the rules provided for five players, and this remains unchanged even now.
After the invention of basketball has gained wide popularity among young people. Many high schools, youth groups, community recreation centers, churches, and other organizations ran basketball programs for pre-school children. Initially, an unfamiliar sports competition spontaneously spread throughout the educational institutions of the country.
Naismith was known to be Canadian, and it is not surprising that Canada was the first country outside the United States to play the game. Basketball further appeared in Europe, South America and Asian countries.
Where was basketball invented? At the Youth Christian Association (YCA) American College in Springfield.
Game Development
Basketball is an active and simple game that requires a ball, a field and a hoop. The history of the creation of basketball was originally more like an attempt to cope with boredom in physical education classes. But then this sport won a place of honor among the most popular games.
The history of the basketball game is summarized here. Let's go over important dates and innovations in this area
In 1898, the first professional National Basketball League was created, which lasted five years and transformed into a number of independent leagues. In the twenties, national federations began to form.
Initially, fruit baskets and a soccer ball were used instead of a mesh ring. Later, a shield appears near the ring, which protects the audience. At first it was made of iron mesh, then it was replaced with a wooden one. In modern basketball, backboards are made of transparent plastic, so it does not interfere with spectators watching the game. At 19In 06, baskets without a bottom appeared, instead of fruit baskets. This innovation improves the game, as it is no longer necessary to use a ladder to reach the ball.
In 1913 the mesh ring was invented. The free fall of the ball affects the pace of the entire game. It becomes more dynamic and spectacular. The changes that have taken place in basketball allow it to develop faster.
1936 - can be considered the birthday of the concept of "professional basketball" - this year the game was included in the official program of the Olympic competition. From that moment on, the history of the creation and development of basketball worries the whole world, because every country wants to prove itself in the arena and become a winner.
The National Basketball Association (NBA) was formed in 1946 from two organizations: the National Basketball League and the American Basketball Association.
The Olympic Games in 1992 provided an opportunity for professional athletes to prove themselves. Before that, only amateurs could participate in high-level competitions. After that, athletes from the United States became the main competitors in world competitions.
In what year was basketball invented? At 1891 year.
Basketball rules (briefly)
The rules governing the game are based on the five Naismith principles requiring a large, light ball controlled by the hands; and a horizontal, elevated target. no running with the ball; no restriction on a player receiving the ball while he is in play; no personal contact.
The
Rules are detailed by the governing bodies of several branches of the sport and cover the playing court and equipment, officials, players, scoring and timing, fouls, violations and other matters. Officials include a referee and two umpires in a college game (two referees and a team captain in an NBA game), two timers, and two scorers. One player on each team acts as captain and is responsible on behalf of the team for all matters relating to officials. For example, he may discuss the interpretation of the rules. Professional, international and school games are divided into four periods, student games are divided into two.
Previously, the principles of basketball differed markedly from today. Until the end of 2014, they were amended. The current basketball rules were finally approved in 2018.
Briefly they can be characterized as follows:
Five players from each team can be on the field at the same time. There can be 12 participants in total.
The technique of moving the ball around the field is important: it is necessary to run with the ball, hitting it on the floor, kicking or punching is a violation.
The game consists of four halves. Usually the period is ten minutes.
There are small breaks between periods.
A ball thrown into a basketball hoop gives his team a different number of points.
The team with the most points in the game wins. With the same number of points, another 5 minutes are given - "overtime". If during this time the situation does not change, then the game will continue until the victory of one of the teams.
A basketball player cannot remain under the opponent's basket for more than three seconds without having possession of the ball.
It is a violation if a basketball player takes three steps in a row without hitting the ball on the floor. And also you can’t run with the ball in your hands for more than two steps.
Points are taken into account if the ball was in the basketball hoop.
The main composition of the game has a clear functionality. In basketball, each player has a role:
the first number of the team is point guard. He must develop high speed and virtuoso possession of the ball;
attacking defender (second number). A player who can jump high. The main task is to break through the defense of the other team;
the center or main player plays under the basket and fights for the rebound;
small forward's task is to score;
ball control is the task of a power forward.
Interesting facts
The history of the creation of basketball is best seen in a selection of interesting facts about this game:
Women's rules have changed frequently over the years. Senda Berenson hosted the first women's college basketball game at 1893, when her freshmen and sophomores of Smith College played against each other. For a long time, women's basketball was not taken seriously, it was considered another fad of the weaker sex. Contrary to popular belief, the game has also spread among women. Now there is professional women's basketball, which also gathers thousands of spectators at the screen.
Basketball, according to Senda, helped develop femininity and ethical qualities. The first rules for women's competitions were published at 1901 year. Despite many obstacles, women's basketball has gradually gained a foothold on the world stage. Women's basketball became an Olympic sport in 1976.
In the first three decades after World War II, basketball steadily but slowly gained popularity and importance in the United States and internationally. Basketball entered the world sport in 1932, when FIBA was founded. This is the International Federation of Sports Games. Thanks to her, the first Olympic Games were held in Berlin in 1936. The father of basketball became the guest of honor at these competitions.
Basketball is an entertaining, active, unpredictable game. It is no coincidence that from the moment of its invention it was popular with young people and eventually conquered the older generation.
basketball, the history of the development of the game, the history of creation, briefly
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” He felt that the kind of work needed to motivate and inspire the young men he faced “should be of a recreative nature, something that would appeal to their play instincts.”
Duck on a rock used a ball and a goal that could not be rushed. The goal could not be slammed through, thus necessitating “a goal with a horizontal opening high enough so that the ball would have to be tossed into it, rather than being thrown.”
Naismith’s secretary typed up the rules and tacked them on the bulletin board. A short time later, the gym class met, and the teams were chosen with three centers, three forwards, and three guards per side. Two of the centers met at mid-court, Naismith tossed the ball, and the game of “basket ball” was born.
The game also needed to provide plenty of exercise for the students, yet without the physicality of football, soccer, or rugby since those would threaten more severe injuries if played in a confined space. (See 100 years of football in pictures.)
But if there was evidence that a player intended to injure an opponent, the player would be disqualified for the whole game.
UCONN won the game and advanced to the Sweet 16. The Huskies have won more NCAA championships than any other women's basketball team in the nation. They cut down the nets, an honor for the winning team, in 1995, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016.
With the colleges’ well-represented international student body the sport also was introduced to many foreign nations. High schools began to introduce the new game, and by 1905, basketball was officially recognized as a permanent winter sport.
Women’s basketball wasn’t included as an Olympic medal event until the 1976 Montreal games. (Wheelchair basketball in Cambodia changed these women's lives.)
The sport wouldn’t be integrated until 1950 when Chuck Cooper was drafted by the Boston Celtics. Prior to Cooper being drafted there were groups of black teams across the country, commonly known as “the black fives”, which referred to the five starting players on a basketball team. All-black teams were often referred to as colored quints or Negro cagers. The teams flourished in New York City, Washington, D.C., Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Chicago, and in other cities with substantial African American populations. They were amateur, semi-professional, and professional.
S. is coming to an end
Basketball is not only about tall players, an orange ball and a hoop, but also strategic thinking and phenomenal endurance. Today this game is one of the most popular in the world. But how did it happen? Where did it come from? How was basketball invented? This question interests many fans and players. 
Three years later, the rules provided for five players, and this remains unchanged even now. 
But then this sport won a place of honor among the most popular games. 
It becomes more dynamic and spectacular. The changes that have taken place in basketball allow it to develop faster. 
no running with the ball; no restriction on a player receiving the ball while he is in play; no personal contact. 
There can be 12 participants in total. 
For a long time, women's basketball was not taken seriously, it was considered another fad of the weaker sex. Contrary to popular belief, the game has also spread among women. Now there is professional women's basketball, which also gathers thousands of spectators at the screen. 
More and more fields of activity are under the influence, ranging from science and politics to art and sports. Methodically and scrupulously, ideas are being planted in our heads that homosexuality is not only normal, but also good. Being transgender is a gift that every adult and child should definitely use. Violence is a casual glance at the opposite sex, and racism is the desire of a white man to have the same rights as a black man who calls for his exclusivity because of a 400-year-old resentment. How do you like such an imposed equality in which you will never be equal? They talk about tolerance for a different worldview, but fiercely and zealously fight for their own. They call the minority the majority, hiding behind the assessment of human rights and freedoms. 
Marriage of convenience or Chinese wisdom? 
" In this article, using basketball-reference (at the end I realized that the statistics there may not be the most accurate, but it accurately reflects the essence and trends), Excel and, of course, science, I looked at how many minutes our domestic professional clubs allocated to Russian players for the game. And those minutes were few. In fact, our top clubs were ready to give the Russians only a quarter of the total playing time. I also looked at how many young basketball players the teams are using. And, surprise, there weren't too many of them. I also looked at the budgets of the clubs and made sure that everyone already knows that basketball in Russia lives purely thanks to sponsorship money and donations. 
Today I will try to fully review all the actions and significant statements that have been made this year. So without further preludes, let's get started! 
How and for what they put the players behind bars in the country of the all-seeing eye, in which the logs are stubbornly ignored. 90,009 of the League's strongest rookies that year, whose talent Phoenix hoped in vain. For six incomplete seasons, the seven-footer managed to play for the Suns, Detroit and San Antonio. As part of the Bad Boys, being a passenger of a famous squad, he even won the NBA championship 1990. True, he never found fame anywhere, only periodically appearing on the court, dropping out of the Spurs rotation in his last professional year. Bedford got hooked on drugs, never being able to reveal his potential. After finishing his career from 1996 to 1997, he was arrested twice for possession of illegal substances. Four years later, he was charged with transporting 25 pounds (per minute, 11kg) of marijuana to Michigan, after which he was detained twice more, and in 2003 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison. Bedford was released early after 8 years. In freedom, William got a job as a coach for local basketball players in Memphis.
