How many professional basketball leagues are there

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The first officially registered association of professional basketball teams, called the National Basketball League, arose in 1898 and existed for five years, after which it broke up into several independent leagues that held their own championships. The rules of those years allowed the teams to conclude contracts with different players for each game, the team rosters were thus extremely unstable, and any player for one championship, if desired, could play for almost all teams, selling his services every month to those who will pay more. The cost of individual contracts was approximately one dollar per minute of play, which made it possible for the best players who spent more time on the court to earn impressive sums for those times, not paying attention to bruises, bruises and abrasions for their sake; basketball at the turn of the century was more than a contact sport, in which pushing, grabbing and sweeping opponents was not forbidden. One of the innovations, designed to speed up the game, but in fact only increased the risk of injury to athletes, was the introduction of a wire mesh that encloses the basketball court on all sides. Thanks to her, the ball always remained in play, but only the most desperate dared to fight for mastering it at the net, coming out of such martial arts with numerous bruises and long-lasting imprints of the net all over the body. Such fences, more suitable for hockey matches or ultimate fighting, were abolished only in 1929 year. Fortunately, there were much more reasonable innovations. Back in 1892, they began to cut out the bottom of the baskets so as not to climb the stairs to them after each goal scored, and then completely occupied them on metal rings. However, a ball accurately sent into such a ring to hit it without hitting the temples, which often caused controversy about the effectiveness of the throw, and cylindrical rope nets appeared on the rings, slightly tapering downwards, clearly fixing each hit of the ball into the ring. At the first basketball games, the spectators, located on the balcony behind the basket, often prevented the visiting team from hitting it, simply beating the balls sent to the basket of their favorite team. Such extraneous interference caused in 189In the 3rd year, a barrier shield appeared between the ring and the balcony, and a little later it turned out that it was much easier to hit the ball into the ring with a rebound from the shield than to try to hit the ring itself directly. the rules of the game also gradually changed. Practice has shown that violations of the rules when attacking the ring should be shown by a free throw made without interference from a distance of 4.57 m from the ring (1894), that two points should be awarded for a successful field goal, and one point for a free throw ( 1895 years) that five people on each side are the optimal number of athletes simultaneously taking part in the game (1897). Each player was allowed to commit no more than five violations of the rules per match - the sixth error automatically led to his removal from the site until the end of the meeting. The most heated discussions flared up around dribbling. Having not come to a consensus on this issue, different leagues held their tournaments according to their own rules - in some, dribbling was strictly forbidden, in others it was allowed to hit the ball on the court only a certain number of times, and in others, dribbling was allowed without any restrictions, that is , by tapping the ball on the floor, the player could catch it, and then resume dribbling again and repeat this procedure ad infinitum. but in any dribbling was carried out simultaneously with both hands. Following the example of the National Basketball League, which for the first time united in 1898 years of professional clubs in one tournament, in 1925 the American Basketball League was created, covering teams from the northeast of the United States. The first seasons, the dominant position in it was occupied by the outstanding New York club “Original Celtics”, which was head and shoulders above all its competitors and only “Rosenblum” from Cleveland could compete with it to some extent. However, after three tournaments, the Steltix was disbanded, its players joined the ranks of other teams, and from that moment Rosenblum remained the undisputed leaders of the League until 1931 years when the Great Depression forced the end of championships. Basketball did not die completely - it only faded into the background, and during the years of depression, as it is not surprising, there was a sharp jump in the development and popularization of the young game, firstly, amateur basketball teams began to appear in their country, which, moving from city to city , held exhibition matches between themselves or with the host team, attracting thousands of fans with their performances. Often such basketball holidays turned into theatrical shows with tricks and numbers prepared in advance, and then the demonstration of filigree ball possession technique overshadowed the sporting result of bilateral meetings. January 1927 years Abe Saperstein organized an all-black basketball circus team called the Harlem Globtrotters, which, having replaced several generations of talented orange ball masters in its history, has been admiring millions of fans in all corners of the world for almost three-quarters of a century. the globe. Combining unique circus performances with brilliant technical prowess, the Harlem Striders handle the ball with such ease and ease that they make the audience look like a different kind of sport, but like a real art. Is it possible to remain indifferent when you see how the players stand with their backs to the ring, throw the ball into it several times in a row from any point on the court, or, having caught the ball that has bounced off the backboard and made a somersault in the air, thrust it from above into the ring with both hands ?. And there are dozens of such numbers in the arsenal of basketball wizards. Another impetus that did not allow basketball to completely disappear from the scene of American sports life was its rapid development in colleges and universities. Student basketball leagues not only continued to exist safely and hold their championships, but also modernized the rules, gradually making the game more and more spectacular. The ball with a nipple sticking out was replaced with a perfectly round and smooth one, after which the question of the admissibility of dribbling disappeared by itself - dribbling (and only with one hand) became one of the most important components of technical skill; almost simultaneously with this, a ten-second rule was introduced, during which the team in possession of the ball was obliged to transfer it to the opponents' half of the court, which immediately made the game much more dynamic.

Formation of the NBA.

1936 was marked by a new milestone in the history of basketball - its appearance in the program of the Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, but only the following year two significant events took place that brought the basketball of the first half of the century sharply closer to the game so well known to us today. In the January match between two student teams, Stanford University player Henk Luisetti made the first ever basketball toss the ball around the ring with one hand! (It is strange, isn't it, that such a simple, and at the same time brilliant idea first visited the head of a basketball player only forty-five years after the game appeared). The example of a student, by the way, who did not show himself in basketball, was instantly picked up by literally every one of his colleagues in the sports department, as a result of which, by the end of the season, the game acquired a completely different qualitative pattern. The second significant event for the progress of basketball happened in the spring of 1937 years old. When the throw-in was canceled in the center circle after each capture of the ring. Up to this point, the team, which had a tall player, had an undeniable advantage over its rivals: at the beginning of the match, the ball was put into play by a throw-in in the center of the court, which. Of course, the taller basketball player won. He threw the ball to a partner, ran to the opponents' backboard, where he received a return pass and put the ball into the ring without interference, after which he ran to the center circle to take possession of the ball in the next face-off. Now, after taking the ring, the ball went to the opposite team, which put it into play from behind the end line, thus getting a chance to hit the opponents' ring. Thanks to this innovation, the game became faster and, accordingly, spectacular, its outcome now depended primarily not on the height of the players, but on their accuracy, running speed, speed of the ball and, of course, on the successful tactical finds of the coaches. And all the more surprising is the fact that the National Basketball League, recreated in 1937 and bringing together 13 professional teams from the East and Midwest of the United States, did not immediately perceive the positive nature of the rule changes. Realizing their progressiveness, but being unable to overcome the conservatism of thinking, the League's functionaries came to a decision that, with certain exaggerations, could be recognized as Solomon's - for the entire first season, the home teams had the right to decide what rules each specific meeting would take place, namely, how to put the ball into play after taking the ring. However, by the end of the next season, common sense prevailed, and the National Basketball League fully adopted the rules of college basketball, which immediately raised its rating in the eyes of the public and allowed the best athletes of university clubs to be invited to professional teams. From 1938 began a sharp rise in the popularity of basketball, and nothing seemed. It did not promise him trouble, but the realization of bright hopes and enviable prospects had to be postponed for another five years due to the entry of the United States into World War II. The World Championships held by the National Basketball League continued during the war, but the participation of athletes who were not fit for military service and a limited number of far from the strongest teams could not, of course, attract increased attention of fans. Only at 1946, when former professional basketball players began to return from the fronts, the League again tried to resume its full existence. But she had an unexpected competitor in the face of the newly formed Basketball Association of America. With impressive financial resources, she united under her wing the teams of New York, Washington, Boston, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Cleveland and St. Louis. The first match in the Basketball Association of America, later renamed the National Basketball Association, took place on November 1946 years old, officially marking this date in the annals of history as the birth of one of the largest sports and commercial enterprises of our time - the NBA. The historic meeting in Toronto between basketball players “New York Knickerbockers” and “Toronto Huskies” ended with a score of 68:66 in favor of the guests. And the first BAA champions were the Philadelphia Warriors in a best-of-four final series that defeated the Chicago Stax 4-1. Moreover, the rivalry between the teams was so sharp that in the last two games, the superiority of Philadelphia was expressed in only one of three points. The Basketball Association of America, which was gaining momentum, successfully lured away not only individual players, but not entire clubs of the National Basketball League, which for several more seasons somehow continued to resist the expansion of their younger, but much more powerful sister. The inevitable happened at 1949, when the National Basketball League (which ceased to exist after that) left the six best teams that joined the Basketball Association of America. From that moment it became known as the National Basketball Association…

Merged with the NBA.

In 1967, in parallel with the NBA championship, the American Basketball Association began to hold its own tournament, uniting eleven teams and existing for nine years. Its sports level was significantly lower than the NBA, the budget was at least frivolous for organizing large-scale competitions, and ABA matches were held in half-empty stands. Nevertheless, this organization is worthy of mentioning already by the fact that it was in the championships held by it that the three-point shot was first introduced. Three years after the inevitable fiasco of the ABA, this innovation was adopted by the NBA - three points were awarded for an accurate throw made from behind an arc located at a distance of 724 cm from the ring. (In American collegiate basketball, the three-point arc is 602 cm from the hoop.) Even before the collapse of the American Basketball Association, which replenished the NBA with four teams, it was at 1970, the number of clubs participating in the main basketball tournament of North America reached seventeen, and it became necessary to break them into groups and subgroups, it was from this season that the National Basketball Association acquired the structure that has survived to this day. On a territorial basis, the teams were divided into the Western and Eastern conferences; the first included the Midwest and Pacific divisions, and the second was the Central and Atlantic divisions ......

The triumph of Michael Jordon.

A year earlier, the International Olympic Committee lifted the ban on the participation of professional athletes in the Olympic Games. Basketball players enthusiastically accepted this decision, not because they lacked fame and money - they were united by a common desire to show their skills to the whole world and in fact demonstrate the superiority of American basketball in meetings with any rivals. The team, known before its formation as the Dream Team, included Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley, David Robinson, Scottie Pippen, Clyde Drexler, Patrick Ewing, Chris Mullin, Karl Malone and John Stocklone. Christian Leitner of Duke University has become a symbolic representative of student basketball. Having easily and naturally passed all stages of the qualifying tournament and reached the final, the American teams confidently declared that they would not be able to consider themselves full-fledged Olympic champions if they did not win the decisive match with a gap of 50 points. The Croatian national team, which represented the “rest of the world” in the final, “confounded” the professionals, allowed them to win “only” 32 points, and nevertheless, the victory of the Dream Team in this match with a score of 117: 85 fully reflected the balance of power in the basketball tournament Olympics. One of the outstanding players of the Olympic gold team - Michael Jordan - by that time had already shone on the NBA basketball courts for eight years. Appearing at 19In 84, after three years at the University of North Carolina with the Chicago Bulls, he won the Association's Best Rookie Award in his first season, and since then, literally every year of his fantastic career has been marked by new record achievements. Light, agile, he knows everything in basketball, and he performs the most complex technical tricks with such grace and artistry that I make the audience repeat that while floating in the air, he feels no less free and uninhibited than standing firmly on the court with both feet. . Winning as part of the Chicago Bull with 19From the 91st to 1993, three world titles in a row and three times having won the title of the best basketball player of the regular champion and the best player of the final series three times, Jordan decided to part with basketball, saying that in this sport there were no more unwon peaks. Unfortunately, with the departure of Jordan, not only the former glory of the Chicago club faded, but he himself did not achieve any success in the new field of baseball for himself, but the old love does not rust, and in 1995, the thirty-two-year-old Jordan returns to the team, disheartening his rivals and delighting his multi-million army of fans. With his arrival, the Chicago Bulls transform before our eyes and again win three championships in a row, and its leader again received the title of the best player of the regular season twice and the best player of the final series three times, all six times that the Chicago Bulls reached the finals under Jordan , they achieved victories in him, and he himself, all the same, only at first glance may seem easy, and the excellent Chicago Bulls are undeniable. Now a new one has come, a new generation of stars dominates the Association’s venues: Shaquille’o Neal, Kobe Bryant, Vince Carter, Tim Duncan, Tracey McGrady, Dirk Nowitzki ... Today the NBA, which is 1947 included only eight clubs, unites twenty-nine teams from twenty-eight cities in the United States and Canada, and has such an amount of outstanding talent that would be more than enough for the entire history of any other sport. But this only inflames the already serious passions, forcing hundreds of millions of fans around the world with bated breath to follow the uncompromising battles of the great masters of one of the most popular games of our time.

8. Output:

So we have a lot of information about the meaning of basketball. The history and development of basketball, about many famous athletes of our country and foreign countries. But as a rule, we are interested in the history of the emergence of basketball and its homeland, due to the media, you can learn a lot of informative things. And we learn a lot about each of our idol athletes and try to be similar in some way. The main goal is physical education. To raise our bar in the life of sports higher and higher, to be strong, dexterous, not to be afraid of difficulties.

9. References:

Magazine "Planet Basketball", Encyclopedia of Sports.

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