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How do you get a technical foul in basketball


RULE NO. 12: Fouls and Penalties

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Technical Foul

    1. Excessive Timeouts
    2. Delay-of-Game
    3. Number of Players
    4. Basket Ring, Backboard or Support
    5. Conduct
    6. Fighting Fouls
    7. Fines
  2. Personal Fouls
    1. Types
    2. By Dribbler
    3. By Screening
    4. Flagrant Foul
    5. Free Throw Penalty Situations
    6. Double Fouls
    7. Offensive Fouls
    8. Loose Ball Fouls
    9. Punching Fouls
    10. Away-From-The-Play Foul

A.        Technical Foul

Section I—Excessive Timeouts

  1. Requests for a timeout in excess of the authorized number shall be granted and a technical foul shall be assessed. Following the timeout and free throw attempt, the ball will be awarded to the team which shot the free throw and play shall resume with a throw-in nearest the spot where play was interrupted.
  2. If the excessive timeout is granted prior to free throw attempt(s), there will be no line-up for the remaining free throws and play shall resume with a throw-in at the point of interruption by the team which shot the technical foul.
  3. If the excessive timeout is granted prior to a jump ball, the ball shall be awarded to the team shooting the technical foul at the point of interruption.

 

Section II—Delay-of-Game

  1. A delay-of-game shall be called for:
    1. Preventing the ball from being promptly put into play.
    2. Interfering with the ball after a successful field goal or free throw.
    3. Failing to immediately pass the ball to the nearest official when a personal foul or violation is assessed.
    4. Touching the ball before the throw-in has been released.
    5. A defender crossing the boundary line within the designated throw-in spot prior to the ball being released on a throw-in.
    6. A team preventing play from commencing at any time.
    7. Any player, coach or trainer interfering with a ball which has crossed the boundary line (Rule 8—Section II—e).
    8. A free throw shooter venturing fully beyond the three-point line between attempts.
    9. A player entering the game when beckoned by an official with his shirt untucked.
      1. PENALTY: The first offense is a warning. A technical foul shall be assessed with each successive offense and charged to the team. An announcement will be made by the public address announcer. The shot clock shall remain the same or reset to 14, whichever is greater, if the violation is assessed against the defensive team. The offensive team shall be awarded a new 8 seconds to advance the ball if it is in the backcourt. There is no change in timing status if any of these violations are assessed against the offensive team. If repeated acts become a travesty, the head coach shall be notified that he is being held responsible.
      2. EXCEPTION (5): In the last two minutes of the fourth period and last two minutes of any overtime period, a technical foul will be assessed if the defender crosses or breaks the plane of the boundary line within the designated throw-in spot when an offensive player is in a position to inbound and prior to the ball being released on a throw-in.

 

Section III—Number of Players

  1. If the ball is put into play and remains in play with one team having six or more players on the court, a non-unsportsmanlike technical foul will be assessed on the team with too many players and such team would lose possession if it had possession at the time the violation was discovered.   Immediately following the free throw awarded for the technical foul, the team with the correct number of players will instruct the Crew Chief to:
    1. resume play from the point in time when the technical foul was assessed, under the same conditions as would have prevailed had there been no error with a throw-in, jump ball or foul shot, as If the ball is to be put into play with a throw-in, the team who shot the free throw will be awarded possession unless that team just scored and the error was discovered prior to the throw-in being released by the team with six or more players.
    2. nullify all play that occurred from the point in time when the ball was put into play with one team having six or more players on the court and ending when the technical foul was assessed, reset the game and shot clock to the point in time when the ball was put into play, and if the ball was put into play by:
      1. a throw-in, the ball shall be returned to the original throw-in spot with the ball awarded to the team with the correct number of players, or
      2. a missed free throw that remained in play, a jump ball shall be held at center court between any two players in the game, or
      3. a jump ball, the ball shall be returned to the original jump ball spot and a jump ball held with the same two
        1. EXCEPTION: Acts of unsportsmanlike conduct and all flagrant fouls, and points scored from any resulting free throws, shall not be nullified.
  2. Other errors involving the wrong number of players at the start of play, four or less, will be penalized with a non-unsportsmanlike technical foul and play shall resume from the point-of-interruption.
    1. EXCEPTION to a and b: If the violation occurs on (1) a free throw attempt which is to be followed by another free throw attempt, or (2) a free throw attempt that is not going to remain in play, (3) throw-in before the ball is released, (4) prior to a personal foul being assessed, or (5) jump ball before the ball is released.

 

Section IV—Basket Ring, Backboard or Support

  1. An offensive player who deliberately hangs on his basket ring, net, backboard or support during the game shall be assessed a non-unsportsmanlike technical foul.
  2. A defensive player who deliberately gains or maintains height or hangs on his opponent’s basket ring, net, backboard or support shall be assessed a non-unsportsmanlike technical If he touches the ball during a field goal attempt, points shall be awarded consistent with the type of shot.
    1. EXCEPTION: An offensive or defensive player may hang on the basket ring, backboard or support to prevent an injury to himself or another player, with no technical foul assessed.
  3. Should a defensive player deliberately hang on the basket ring, net, backboard or support to successfully touch a ball which is in possession of an opponent, a non- unsportsmanlike technical foul shall be assessed.

 

Section V—Conduct

  1. An official may assess a technical foul, without prior warning, at any time.  A technical foul(s) may be assessed to any player on the court or anyone seated on the bench for conduct which, in the opinion of an official, is detrimental to the game. The technical foul must be charged to an individual. A technical foul cannot be assessed for physical contact when the ball is alive.
    1. EXCEPTION: Fighting fouls and/or taunting with physical contact.
  2. A maximum of two technical fouls for unsportsmanlike acts may be assessed any player, coach, trainer, or other team bench person. Any of these offenders may be ejected for committing only one unsportsmanlike act, and they must be ejected for committing two unsportsmanlike acts.
  3. A technical foul called for (1) delay of game, (2) coaches box violations, (3) defensive 3-seconds, (4) having a team total of less or more than five players when the ball becomes alive, (5) a player hanging on the basket ring or backboard, (6) participation in the game when not on team’s active list, or (7) shattering the backboard or making the rim unplayable during the game (Comments On the Rules—G) is not considered an act of unsportsmanlike conduct.
  4. A technical foul shall be assessed for unsportsmanlike tactics such as:
    1. Disrespectfully addressing an official
    2. Physically contacting an official
    3. Overt actions indicating resentment to a call or no-call
    4. Use of profanity
    5. A coach entering onto the court without permission of an official
    6. A deliberately-thrown elbow or any unnatural physical act towards an opponent with no contact involved
    7. Taunting
  5. Cursing or blaspheming an official shall not be considered the only cause for imposing technical foul. Running tirades, continuous criticism or griping may be sufficient cause to assess a technical. Excessive misconduct shall result in ejection from the game.
  6. Assessment of a technical foul shall be avoided whenever and wherever possible; but, when necessary they are to be assessed without delay or procrastination.  Once a player has been ejected or the game is over, technical fouls cannot be assessed regardless of the provocation. Any additional unsportsmanlike conduct shall be reported by e-mail immediately to the League Office.
  7. If a technical foul is assessed to a team following a personal foul on the same team, the free throw attempt for the technical foul shall be administered first.
  8. The ball shall be awarded to the team which had possession at the time the technical foul was assessed, whether the free throw attempt is successful or not.  Play shall be resumed by a throw-in nearest the spot where play was interrupted.
    1. EXCEPTION: Rule 12A—Section I and Rule 12A—Section III.
  9. Anyone guilty of illegal contact which occurs during a dead ball may be assessed (1) a technical foul, if the contact is deemed to be unsportsmanlike in nature, or (2) a flagrant foul, if unnecessary and/or excessive contact occurs.
  10. Free throws awarded for a technical foul must be attempted by a player in the game when the technical foul is
    1. If a substitute has been beckoned into the game or has been recognized by the officials as being in the game prior to a technical foul being assessed, he is eligible to attempt the free throw(s).
    2. If the technical foul is assessed before the opening tap, any player listed in the scorebook as a starter is eligible to attempt the free throw(s).
    3. If a technical foul is assessed before the starting lineup is indicated, any player on the squad may attempt the free throw(s).
  11. A technical foul, unsportsmanlike act or flagrant foul must be called for a participant to be ejected.
    1. EXCEPTION: Rule 12A—Section V—l—4
  12. A player, coach, trainer, or other team bench person must be ejected for:
    1. A punching foul
    2. A fighting foul
    3. Technical foul for an attempted punch or swing with no contact or a thrown elbow toward an opponent above shoulder level with no contact
    4. Deliberately entering the stands other than as a continuance of play
    5. Flagrant foul penalty (2)
    6. Second flagrant foul penalty (1)
    7. Participation in the game when not on team’s active list
  13. Eye guarding (placing a hand in front of the opponent’s eyes when guarding from the rear) a player who does not have possession of the ball is illegal and an unsportsmanlike technical shall be assessed.
  14. A free throw attempt is awarded when one technical foul is assessed.
  15. No free throw attempts are awarded when a double technical foul is assessed.  Technical fouls assessed to opposing teams during the same dead ball and prior to the administering of any free throw attempt for the first technical foul, shall be interpreted as a double technical foul.
  16. The deliberate act of throwing the ball or any object at an official by a player, coach, trainer, or other team bench person is a technical foul and violators are subject to ejection from the game.
  17. Punching fouls, although recorded as both personal and team fouls, are unsportsmanlike acts.  The player will be ejected immediately.
  18. Any player who throws or kicks the ball directly into the stands with force, regardless of the reason or where it lands, will be assessed a technical foul and ejected.  All other instances where the ball ends up in the stands will subject the player to a possible technical foul and ejection.

 

Section VI—Fighting Fouls

  1. Technical fouls shall be assessed players, coaches or trainers for fighting.  No free throws will be attempted. The participants will be ejected immediately.
  2. This rule applies whether play is in progress or the ball is dead.
  3. If a fighting foul occurs with a team in possession of the ball, that team will retain possession on the sideline nearest the spot where play was interrupted but no nearer to the baseline than the free throw line extended.
  4. If a fighting foul occurs with neither team in possession, play will be resumed with a jump ball between any two opponents who were in the game at the center circle.
  5. A fine not exceeding $50,000 and/or suspension may be imposed upon such person(s) by the Commissioner at his sole discretion.

 

Section VII—Fines

  1. The following progressive technical foul and ejection schedules will apply.*with a warning letter sent when the violator reaches his 10th (5th in playoffs) technical foul

  2. Whether or not said player(s) is ejected, a fine not exceeding $50,000 and/or suspension may be imposed upon such player(s) by the Commissioner at his sole discretion.
  3. During an altercation, all players not participating in the game must remain in the immediate vicinity of their bench. Violators will be subject to suspension, without pay, for a minimum of one game and fined up to $50,000.
    1. The suspensions will commence prior to the start of their next game.
    2. A team must have a minimum of eight players dressed and ready to play in every preseason and regular season game and nine in any playoff game.
    3. If five or more players leave the bench, the players will serve their suspensions alphabetically, according to the first letters of their last name.
    4. If seven bench players are suspended (assuming no participants are included), four of them would be suspended for the first game following the altercation. The remaining three would be suspended for the second game following the altercation.
  4. A player, coach or assistant coach, upon being notified by an official that he has been ejected from the game, must leave the playing area IMMEDIATELY and remain in the dressing room of his team during such suspension until completion of the game or leave the building.   Violation of this rule shall call for an automatic fine. A fine not to exceed $50,000 and possible forfeiture of the game may be imposed for any violation of this rule.
  5. Any player who in the opinion of the officials has deliberately hung on the basket ring shall be assessed a non-unsportsmanlike technical foul and a fine of $2000.
    1. EXCEPTION: An offensive or defensive player may hang on the basket ring, backboard or support to prevent an injury to himself or another player, with no penalty.
  6. At halftime and the end of each game, the coach and his players are to leave the court and go directly to their dressing room, without pause or delay. There is to be absolutely no talking to game officials.
    1. PENALTY—$2000 fine to be doubled for any additional violation.
  7. Any player who is assessed a flagrant foul—penalty (2) must be ejected and will be fined a minimum of $2,000. The incident will be reported to the League Office.

 

 

Section I—Types

  1. A player shall not hold, push, charge into, impede the progress of an opponent by extending a hand, arm, leg or knee or by bending the body into a position that is not normal.   Contact that results in the re-routing of an opponent is a foul which must be called immediately.
  2. Contact initiated by the defensive player guarding a player with the ball is not legal.  This contact includes, but is not limited to, forearm, hands, or body check.
    1. EXCEPTIONS:
      1. A defender may apply contact with a forearm to an offensive player with the ball who has his back to the basket below the free throw line extended outside the Lower Defensive Box.
      2. A defender may apply contact with a forearm and/or one hand with a bent elbow to an offensive player in a post-up position with the ball in the Lower Defensive Box.
      3. A defender may apply contact with a forearm to an offensive player with the ball at any time in the Lower Defensive Box.  The forearm in the above exceptions is solely for the purpose of maintaining a defensive position.
      4. A defender may position his leg between the legs of an offensive player in a post-up position in the Lower Defensive Box for the purpose of maintaining defensive position.   If his foot leaves the floor in an attempt to dislodge his opponent, it is a foul immediately.
      5. Incidental contact with the hand against an offensive player shall be ignored if it does not affect the player’s speed, quickness, balance and/or rhythm.
  3. Any player whose actions against an opponent cause illegal contact with yet another opponent has committed the personal foul.
  4. A personal foul committed by the offensive team during a throw-in shall be an offensive foul, regardless of whether the ball has been released.
  5. Contact which occurs on the hand of the offensive player, while that part of the hand is in contact with the ball, is legal.
    1. EXCEPTION: Flagrant and punching fouls.
    2. PENALTIES: The offender is charged with a personal foul. The offending team is charged with a team foul if the illegal contact was caused by the defender. There is no team foul if there are personal fouls on one member of each team or the personal foul is against an offensive player. The offended team is awarded:
      1. the ball out-of-bounds on the sideline at the nearest spot where play was interrupted but no nearer to the baseline than the free throw line extended if an offensive foul is assessed.
      2. the ball out-of-bounds on the sideline where play was interrupted but no nearer to the baseline than the free throw line extended if the personal foul is on the defender and if the penalty situation is not in effect.
      3. one free throw attempt if the personal foul is on the defender and there is a successful field goal or free throw on the play.
      4. two/three free throw attempts if the personal foul is on the defender and the offensive player is in the act of shooting an unsuccessful field goal.
      5. one free throw attempt plus a penalty free throw attempt if the personal foul is on the defender and the offensive player is not in the act of attempting a field goal if the penalty situation is in effect.
      6. two free throw attempts and possession of the ball on the sideline nearest the spot where play was interrupted if an offensive player, or a teammate, is fouled while having a clear-path-to-the-basket. A clear path to the basket foul occurs if: (i) personal foul is committed on any offensive player during his team’s transition scoring opportunity; (ii) when the foul occurs, the ball is ahead the tip of the circle in the backcourt, no defender is ahead of the offensive player with the scoring opportunity and that offensive player is in control of the ball or a pass to him has been released; and (iii) the defensive foul deprives the offensive team of a transition scoring opportunity. A clear path to the basket foul cannot occur if (i) the offensive player is fouled in the act of shooting or (ii) the foul is caused by the defender’s attempt to intercept or deflect a pass intended for the offensive player with the transition scoring opportunity.
      7. two free throw attempts if a personal foul is committed against an offensive player without the ball when his team has at least a one-man advantage on a fast break and the defensive player takes a foul to stop play.

 

Section II—By Dribbler

  1. A dribbler shall not (1) charge into an opponent who has established a legal guarding position, or (2) attempt to dribble between two opponents, or (3) attempt to dribble between an opponent and a boundary, where sufficient space is not available for illegal contact to be avoided.
  2. If a defender is able to establish a legal position in the straight line path of the dribbler, the dribbler must avoid contact by changing direction or ending his dribble.
  3. The dribbler must be in control of his body at all times. If illegal contact occurs, the responsibility is on the dribbler.
    1. PENALTY: The offender is assessed an offensive foul. There is no team foul. The ball is awarded to the offended team on the sideline nearest the spot where play was interrupted but no nearer to the baseline than the free throw line extended.
    2. EXCEPTION: Rule 3—Section I—a.
  4. If a dribbler has sufficient space to have his head and shoulders in advance of his defender, the responsibility for illegal contact is on the defender.
  5. If a dribbler has established a straight line path, a defender may not crowd him out of that path.
    1. PENALTY: The defender shall be assessed a personal foul and a team foul. If the penalty is not in effect, the offended team is awarded the ball on the sideline nearest the spot where play was interrupted but no nearer to the baseline than the free throw line extended. If the penalty is in effect, one free throw attempt plus a penalty free throw attempt is awarded.

 

Section III—By Screening

A player who sets a screen shall not (1) assume a position nearer than a normal step from an opponent, if that opponent is stationary and unaware of the screener’s position, or make illegal contact with an opponent when he assumes a position at the side or front of an opponent, or (3) assume a position so near to a moving opponent that he is not given an opportunity to avoid contact before making illegal contact, or (4) move laterally or toward an opponent being screened, after having assumed a legal position. The screener may move in the same direction and path of the opponent being screened.

In (3) above, the speed of the opponent being screened will determine what the screener’s stationary position may be. This position will vary and may be one to two normal steps or strides from his opponent.

 

Section IV—Flagrant Foul

  1. If contact committed against a player, with or without the ball, is interpreted to be unnecessary, a flagrant foul—penalty (1) will be assessed. A personal foul is charged to the offender and a team foul is charged to the
    1. PENALTY: (1) Two free throws shall be attempted and the ball awarded to the offended team on either side of the court at the free throw line extended. (2) If the offended player is injured and unable to attempt his free throws, his coach will select one of the remaining four players in the game to attempt the free throws. (3) His coach will pick the substitute, who may not be replaced until the ball is legally touched by a player on the court. (EXCEPTION: Rule 3—Section V—e.) (4) The injured player may not return to the game. (EXCEPTION: Rule 9-Section II-a-(2)) (5) A player will be ejected if he commits two flagrant fouls in the same game.
  2. If contact committed against a player, with or without the ball, is interpreted to be unnecessary and excessive, a flagrant foul—penalty (2) will be assessed. A personal foul is charged to the offender and a team foul is charged to the
    1. PENALTY: (1) Two free throws shall be attempted and the ball awarded to the offended team on either side of the court at the free throw line extended. (2) If the offended player is injured and unable to attempt his free throws, his coach will select a substitute and any player from the team is eligible to attempt the free throws. (3) This substitute may not be replaced until the ball is legally touched by a player on the court. EXCEPTION: Rule 3— Section V—e. (4) The injured player may return to the game at any time after the free throws are attempted. (5) This is an unsportsmanlike act and the offender is ejected.
  3. A flagrant foul may be assessed whether the ball is dead or alive.
  4. A foul must be reviewed using Instant Replay to confirm it meets the criteria to be ruled a Flagrant (1) or (2).

 

Section V—Free Throw Penalty Situations

  1. Each team is limited to four team fouls per regulation period without additional penalties. Common fouls charged as team fouls, in excess of four, will be penalized by one free throw attempt plus a penalty free throw attempt.
    1. The first four common fouls committed by a team in any regulation period shall result in the ball being awarded to the opposing team on the sideline nearest where play was interrupted.   The ball shall be awarded no nearer to the baseline than the free throw line extended.
    2. The first three common fouls committed by a team in any overtime period, shall result in the ball being awarded to the opposing team on the sideline nearest where play was interrupted.  The ball shall be awarded no nearer to the baseline than the free throw line extended.
    3. If a team has not committed its quota of four team fouls during the first ten minutes of any regulation period, or its quota of three team fouls during the first three minutes of any overtime period, it shall be permitted to incur one team foul during the last two minutes without penalty.
    4. During any overtime period, common fouls charged as team fouls in excess of three, will be penalized by one free throw plus a penalty free throw attempt.
    5. Personal fouls which are flagrant, punching, away-from-the-play, or clear-path- to-the-basket will carry their own separate penalties and are included in the team foul total.
    6. Personal fouls committed during a successful field goal attempt or free throw, which result in one free throw attempt being awarded, will not result in an additional free throw attempt if the penalty situation exists.
  2. A maximum of three points may be scored by the same team on a successful two point field goal attempt.
  3. A maximum of four points may be scored by the same team on a successful three point field goal attempt.

 

Section VI—Double Fouls

  1. No free throw attempts will be awarded on double fouls, whether they are personal or technical.
  2. Double personal fouls shall add to a player’s total, but not to the team total.
  3. If a double foul occurs, the team in possession of the ball at the time of the call shall retain possession.  Play is resumed on the sideline, nearest the point where play was interrupted but no nearer to the baseline than the free throw line extended. The shot clock is reset to 24 seconds if the ball is to be inbounded in the team’s backcourt or stay the same or reset to 14, whichever is greater, if the ball is to be inbounded in the frontcourt.
  4. If a double foul occurs with neither team in possession, or when the ball is in the air on an unsuccessful field goal or free throw attempt, play will be resumed with a jump ball at the center circle between any two opponents in the game at that time. If injury, ejection or disqualification makes it necessary for any player to be replaced, no substitute may participate in the jump ball. The jumper shall be selected from one of the remaining players in the
  5. If a double foul occurs on a successful field goal or free throw attempt, the team that has been scored upon will inbound the ball at the baseline as after any other
  6. If a double foul occurs as a result of a difference in opinion by the officials, no points can be scored and play shall resume with a jump ball at the center circle between any two opponents in the game at that time.  No substitute may participate in the jump ball.

 

Section VII—Offensive Fouls

  1. A personal foul assessed against an offensive player which is neither punching or flagrant shall be penalized in the following manner:
    1. No points can be scored by the offensive team
    2. The offending player is charged with a personal foul
    3. The offending team is not charged with a team foul
      1. EXCEPTION: Rule 3—Section I—a. No penalty free throws are awarded.
    4. The ball is awarded to the offended team out-of-bounds on the sideline at the nearest spot where play was interrupted but no nearer the baseline than the free throw line
  2. A personal foul assessed against an offensive player which is punching or flagrant shall be penalized in the following manner:
    1. No points can be scored by the offensive team
    2. The offending player is charged with a personal foul
    3. The offending team is charged with a team foul
    4. Two free throw attempts are awarded to the offended player
    5. The ball shall be awarded at the free throw line extended

 

Section VIII—Loose Ball Fouls

  1. A personal foul, which is neither a punching or flagrant, committed while there is no team control shall be administered in the following manner:
    1. Offending team is charged with a team foul
    2. Offending player is charged with a personal foul
    3. Offended team will be awarded possession on the sideline, nearest the spot where play was interrupted but no nearer the baseline than the foul line extended, if no penalty exists
    4. Offended player is awarded one free throw attempt plus a penalty free throw attempt if the offending team is in a penalty situation
  2. If a “loose ball” foul called against the defensive team is then followed by a successful field goal, one free throw attempt will be awarded to the offended player, allowing for the three point or four point play. This interpretation applies:
    1. Regardless of which offensive player is fouled
    2. Whether or not the penalty situation The ball can never be awarded to the scoring team out-of-bounds following a personal foul which occurs on the same play
  3. If a “loose ball” foul called against the defensive team is followed by a successful free throw, one free throw will be awarded to the offended player whether or not the penalty is in effect.
  4. If a “loose ball” foul called against the offensive team is then followed by a successful field goal attempt by the same offensive player, no points may be scored.

 

Section IX—Punching Fouls

  1. Illegal contact called on a player for punching is a personal foul and a team foul.  Two free throw attempts shall be awarded, regardless of the number of previous fouls in the period. The ball shall be awarded to the offended team out-of-bounds on either side of the court at the free throw line extended whether the free throw is successful or unsuccessful.
  2. Any player who throws a punch, whether it connects or not, has committed an unsportsmanlike act. He will be ejected following confirmation during review by instant replay and suspended for a minimum of one game.
  3. This rule applies whether play is in progress or the ball is dead.
  4. In the case where one punching foul is followed by another, all aspects of the rule are applied in both cases, and the team last offended is awarded possession on the sideline at the free throw line extended in the frontcourt.
  5. A fine not exceeding $50,000 and/or suspension may be imposed upon such player(s) by the Commissioner at his sole discretion.

 

Section X—Away-From-The-Play Foul

  1. Away from-the-play fouls, which are defined in Rule 4, Section III(h) on page 18, shall be administered as follows:
    1. A personal foul and team foul shall be assessed and one free throw attempt shall be awarded. The free throw may be attempted by any player in the game at the time the personal foul was committed.
    2. If the foul occurs when the ball is inbounds, the offended team shall be awarded the ball on the sideline at the nearest point where play was interrupted but no nearer to the baseline than the free throw line extended.
    3. If the foul occurs prior to the release on a throw-in, the offended team shall be awarded the ball at the original throw-in spot, with all privileges, if any, remaining.
      1. EXCEPTION: Rule 12-B—Section X—b.
  2. In the event that the personal foul committed is a flagrant or punching foul, the play shall be administered as follows:
    1. A personal foul and team foul shall be assessed and the free throw shooter shall be awarded two free throw attempts. The free throws may be attempted by any player in the game at the time the flagrant foul was committed.
    2. If a flagrant foul—penalty (1)  is  assessed  and  the  offended  player  is  unable to participate in the game, the substitute will be selected by his coach.  The two free throws may be attempted by any of the four remaining players in the game. The ball will be awarded to the offended team at the free throw line extended in the frontcourt. The injured player may return to the game.
    3. If a flagrant foul—penalty (2) or punching foul is assessed and the offended player is unable to attempt his free throws because of injury, the substitute will be selected by his coach.  The two free throws may be attempted by the substitute or any of the four remaining players in the game. If the offended player is unable to attempt his free throws as a result of being ejected, any of the four remaining players may attempt the free throws. The ball will be awarded to the offended team at the free throw line extended in the frontcourt. The injured player may return to the game.

Basketball Technical Fouls

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There are a variety of different types of fouls that can be called for misconduct on the basketball course, however only one directly relates to players’ behavior on the court. Read on to learn about technical fouls and what exactly basketball players do to earn this type of foul.

Table of Contents

  • What is a technical foul in basketball?
  • How Many Technical Fouls Before Ejection?
  • Types of NBA Technical Fouls
  • Excessive Timeouts
  • Technical Fouls For Delay of Game
  • Technical Fouls For Number of Players
  • Technical Fouls For Hanging on the Rim
  • Technical Fouls For Conduct
  • Technical Fouls For Fighting
  • College Basketball Technical Fouls
  • Class A Technical Foul
  • Class B Technical Foul
  • Administrative Technical Foul
  • FAQ

What is a technical foul in basketball?

In basketball, there is a special type of foul that has to do with actions outside the scope of live action. Referees enforce these administrative and procedural rules via technical fouls. A technical foul is the only type of foul that does not come from explicit physical contact of opposing players during the game. Players on the court, players on the bench, and the coaching staff on either team can receive technical fouls for any number of reasons. 

Referees can even call technical fouls on the fans of the home crowd, but these scenarios are extremely rare. In all basketball leagues, the penalty for a technical foul is harsher than that of a common foul; however, these exact repercussions vary slightly through professional leagues. 

In cases where two opposing players commit the same technical foul at the same time, a double technical may be called. This play will result in the fouls being canceled out, returning the ball to the team who previously had possession of the ball. 

How Many Technical Fouls Before Ejection?

Two technical fouls to an individual player or coach within a single game warrants ejection from the rest of the game. In some leagues, ejections will also result in fines. Players are warned after receiving their first technical foul that a second will remove them from the game. Players can be ejected for unsportsmanlike behavior at the referee’s discretion, but two technical fouls are an automatic ejection at all levels of play.

Types of NBA Technical Fouls

Technical fouls can be called on players or coaches on both the floor or the sidelines. They result in one free throw and possession of the ball for the opposing team. When two technical fouls are called on the same person in one game, they will be ejected. There are six distinct categories of technical fouls in the NBA:

  • Excessive timeouts
  • Delay of game
  • Number of players
  • Hanging on the basket rim, backboard, or support
  • Unsportsmanlike conduct
  • Fighting fouls

A fighting foul only requires one instance to warrant ejection.

Excessive Timeouts

In every half of a basketball game, a maximum amount of timeouts is allotted to each team. If a team runs out of timeouts and still tries to call one, a technical foul is called.  In the NBA, the consequence for this action is a single free throw and possession of the ball for the other team. Players are constantly reminded of how many timeouts their team has, to avoid a mistake of this kind at a crucial point in the game. Despite preventative measures, this type of technical does happen every once in a while.

The same basic rule of excessive timeouts applies in college basketball as well. In fact, the most famous occurrence of an excessive timeout technique took place in college basketball. Down two points in the 1993 NCAA championship game, Michigan’s Chris Webber called a timeout with 13 seconds left when they did not have one. As a result, they were assessed with a technical foul that effectively ended the game. 

Technical Fouls For Delay of Game

A delay of game call occurs when a player, coach, or representative for a team hinders the advancement of a game. If a player or coach is called for a delay of game two times in the same game, that team is given a delay of game technical foul.  (Upon the first infraction of a delay game, the team is only given a warning)

Possible actions that could warrant a delay of game technical foul:

  • Interfering with the ball upon a successful field goal or free throw attempt
  • A player entering the game with his or her jersey untucked
  • Touching the ball in the hands of an inbounder before an inbounds pass has been made
  • Coach or administrative member who interferes with a ball in play as it passes the boundary marker

Technical Fouls For Number of Players

This type of technical foul is pretty straight forward. Each team must have exactly five players on the court at the same time for play to ensue. If a team has less than five or more than five players on the court, a technical foul will be assessed. 

If the team with the correct amount of players scores a basket while the opposing team has the incorrect amount of players on the court, the former team may choose to accept the play as it stands, giving the ball back to the other team. Most times, the referee will call this foul rather quickly and the team with the correct number of players will be awarded with one free throw shot and possession of the ball.

Technical Fouls For Hanging on the Rim

An offensive or defensive player is not allowed to hang onto the rim, backboard, or support of the hoop during live action. If an action of this kind were to take place, a technical foul would be assessed on the player hanging on the support. These fouls most often occur when an offensive player hangs onto the rim for an excessive amount of time after a dunk. There is not a predetermined amount of time that can be deemed “excessive.” It is up to the referee to make this decision. 

If a referee deems that the player is hanging onto the rim in an attempt to avoid injury, then a technical foul will not be assessed. 

Technical Fouls For Conduct

Conduct violations are the most common type of technical foul. They are given to players that commit any type of behavior that the referee deems detrimental or disrespectful to the game.  Technical fouls for conduct are most commonly associated with unsportsmanlike plays, like extensively arguing or cursing at opposing players and referees. There is not an exact set of criteria that causes the call of a technical foul for conduct. Instead, it is up to the referee to read the situation and call the foul appropriately in order to keep the game under control. 

The most famous conduct technical foul may be owned by Rasheed Wallace, who was once given a technical foul of this kind for simply staring at a referee. In fact, Rasheed owns the record for most technicals in a single season with 41. 

Technical Fouls For Fighting

Technicals of this nature must involve obvious, forcible, and purposeful contact toward a player or coach of the other team. While fighting was fairly common in the 1980s and 1990s, it is rare in today’s NBA. It is ultimately up to the ref to determine whether a scuffle between players is worthy of a fighting technical. If the referee decides that two players have engaged in a fight, they will attempt to break up the fight immediately. Once the fight gets broken up, both players will be ejected immediately and no technical free throws will be attempted. 

If a team had ball possession at the time of the fight, then they will retain the ball after the fight is finished. If no one had possession of the ball at that time, then play will resume after a jump ball at center court. Technical fouls for fighting and the subsequent automatic ejections can warrant fines of up to $50,000 and suspensions of any length deemed necessary.

College Basketball Technical Fouls

In college basketball (NCAA), there are three categories of technical fouls:

  • Class A Technical Fouls
  • Class B Technical Fouls
  • Administrative Technical Fouls

Class A Technical Foul

In college basketball, a class A technical foul can be called for any behavior that is deemed unsportsmanlike. Actions that fall under the scope of a class A technical include arguing with officials, pushing/shoving, profanity, taunting, etc.  Because it encompasses most illegal actions in the game, this type of technique is by far the most common type in college basketball. Class A technical fouls result in two free throws for the other team and also count toward the team’s total foul count.

Class B Technical Foul

In college basketball, a class B technical foul can be called if an illegal action takes place, but no physical contact or unsportsmanlike contact occurs. These technical fouls result in one free throw for the other team and do not count towards the team foul count. A few of the actions that warrant a class B technical foul include:

  • Player climbing on a teammate to gain a height advantage
  • Player holding onto the rim or backboard for an excessive amount of time
  • Player going into the game without checking in with the officials/scorers
  • Player guarding the inbounds pass touching the ball before it has been inbounded
  • Player intentionally slapping the backboard
  • Coach stepping out of the coaching box multiple times
  • Coach/player using electronic transmissions during game play to gain an advantage in the game

Administrative Technical Foul

In college basketball, an administrative technical foul is an organizational error that occurs before, during, or in between game action.  Administrative technical fouls can result in one free throw, but don't count towards the team foul count. A few of the actions that warrant an administrative technical foul include:

  • Insufficient equipment/resources
  • Ineligible player listed on the roster
  • Incorrect scorebook by the home team
  • Excessive timeout called

FAQ

What happens with a technical foul in basketball?

If a technical foul is called, the referee will make a “T” signal to the scoring table while giving the name and number of the player. If the player who commits the foul has already committed one in the game, they will be ejected. From that point, the appropriate amount of free throws will be shot by the opposing team who did not commit the foul. Once the free throws have been shot, the opposing team will get possession of the ball.

How much does a technical foul hurt a team in basketball?

If a technical foul occurs in the middle of the game, most times it is not the end of the world; however, if it occurs at the end of the game, it can be detrimental.  When a game is close and possessions are limited, a single technical foul can be the difference in the game being reasonably close or completely out of hand. Mistakes like calling excessive timeouts or expressing anger can cost your team points in critical moments. 

Is a technical foul also a team foul?

Yes, a technical foul is also a team foul. Technical fouls count towards a team’s total foul count for activating the bonus. Every defensive personal, technical, and flagrant foul is counted as a team foul.

How many shots is a technical foul?

In most cases, a technical foul in basketball results in free throw(s) and possession of the ball to the opposing team. However, the exact amount of free throws varies slightly between leagues. In the NBA, all types of technical fouls result in a single free throw for the opposing team, except for fighting fouls, which warrant no free throws. In both men’s and women’s NCAA basketball, Class A technical fouls result in two free throws to the other team while Class B and Administrative fouls only result in one.

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Pages Related to Basketball Technical Fouls

  • Basketball Reach In Fouls
  • Charging Foul In Basketball
  • Basketball Unsportsmanlike Foul
  • Basketball Personal Fouls
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  • Basketball Shooting Fouls

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The language of basketball. Unsportsmanlike and technical foul, personal and zone defense

September 17

Our site presents the seventh issue of the rubric The language of basketball . In it, we talk about basketball terms - borrowed words, specific expressions and jargon - the language that all participants and fans of the game speak. Each word is accompanied by a video tutorial with illustrative examples.
We bring to your attention the seventh series of project The language of basketball , in which we will analyze in detail four terms: unsportsmanlike foul, technical foul, zone and personal defense.

Unsportsmanlike foul
An unsportsmanlike foul is a personal reprimand against a player who, in the opinion of the referee, did not legally attempt to play the ball directly in accordance with the rules. An unsportsmanlike foul is called on the offender and a free throw(s) is awarded to the opposing team, after which the ball is passed to that team for a midfield throw-in.
Usually unsportsmanlike fouls are called in case of a gross violation of the rules that can lead to an injury to the player, as well as a deliberate foul in situations where the attacking side has a high probability of hitting the ring. So, for example, a similar punishment follows when trying to disrupt fast attacks, if the player who violates the rules is the last defender on the way to the ring.


Technical foul
A technical foul is a foul not caused by contact with an opponent. Called for unsportsmanlike behavior: disrespectful treatment of opponent players, referees or match commissioner, insulting or provocative gestures, delaying the game, entering the playing court without the referee's permission. A technical foul is called on the offender and a free throw(s) is awarded to the opposing team, after which the ball is passed to that team for a throw-in from the middle of the court.
Due to the similarity of penalties, technical and unsportsmanlike fouls are often confused. It should be remembered that an unsportsmanlike foul is punished only by players and only for game violations. Technical fouls can be received both by basketball players on the court and by representatives of the bench. They are associated with non-playing moments and can be recorded both at the time when the ball is “live” and when it is “dead”.


Man on man defense and zone defense )
There are several different types of defense in basketball. The most popular of these is personal (personal) protection. When using it, each of the defending players takes care of one opponent attached specifically to him. Usually they try to disassemble opponents according to their position. This is how centers defend against centers, heavy forwards defend against heavy forwards, and so on.

The second most popular defense system is zone defense. Its essence lies in the fact that each player must defend within a certain zone on the site, and not against a specific player, as in personal defense. This type of defense has both its pros and cons. It allows you to save strength, hides the lack of athleticism and allows you to quickly move from defense to attack. On the other hand, zone defense requires high coordination and is ineffective against teams with a large number of snipers. The cons of using it often outweigh the pros. Therefore, in modern basketball, zone defense is used most often on a short-term basis as a temporary or reserve option.

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Technical foul in basketball: definition and punishment

The organization of the game at a decent level implies mutual and friendly cooperation between athletes and all other participants in the competition.

Code of Conduct

Each team must try to win, but only if all the rules of the game are respected and the opponents are treated with respect.

Intentional or repeated violation of the rules of the game may be considered a technical foul.

The referees have the right to cancel the penalty, pointing out the players to the errors, and also if a minor and unintentional violation of the rules was committed, which did not seriously affect the course of the game.

If a violation is discovered after the ball is put into play, the match is stopped and a technical foul is called. The penalty is administered in the same manner as if the foul had occurred at the time it was called. The results of the match that occurred in the interval between the identified non-compliance with the rules of the game and its stoppage remain the same.

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Technical foul definition

A technical foul by a player is a violation of the rules of the game in the absence of contact with an opponent, caused by such actions on the part of a player when he:

  • Ignores the comments of the judges.
  • Is rude or disrespectful towards officials, table officials, opposing players, or those who are allowed to sit on the players' benches.
  • Uses incorrect or provocative words and gestures towards fans.
  • Mimics or laughs at an opponent.
  • Blocks the opposing players' view by holding or waving their arm at eye level.
  • He swings his elbows too much.
  • Intentionally slows play by touching a ball over the basket or preventing a quick throw-in.
  • Simulates a rule violation against itself.
  • Hangs on the hoop with his full weight, except when the basketball player is held on the hoop for a second while performing an overhand throw, or hangs on the hoop to avoid self-injury or injury to another player.
  • Defender interferes with the ball on the last free throw. In this case, the serving team is credited with a point, after which the defender is punished with a technical foul.

A technical foul by a person who can take a place on the team bench is a foul for incorrect statements or touches against the referees and their assistants, opponents, as well as for deliberate violation of the order and rules of the game.

Technical foul penalty

A technical foul committed by a basketball player is charged to that player and counts as a team foul. In the event of an infraction committed by a person admitted to the bench of a sports team, the head coach is penalized with a technical foul, and such an infraction is not counted against the whole team. The opponent gets the opportunity to make a free throw.

The game restarts as follows:

  • Immediate execution of a free throw. The team in possession of the ball at the time of the technical foul shall take a throw-in after the free throw. The place for the throw-in is the spot on the field where the ball was when play was stopped.
  • The team also shoots the free throw immediately, regardless of whether the order in which the other disciplinary penalties were to be administered has been determined or the application of those penalties has already begun. The team in control or possession of the ball at the time of the technical foul restarts play after the free throw is taken from where it stopped.
  • A basketball player takes a throw-in from an arbitrary place on the court behind the end line after a field goal or last free throw.

If the ball was not under the control of one of the teams or the ball was not in possession, a jump ball is awarded, which is played in the center circle of the playing field at the beginning of the first quarter.

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