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How does basketball relate to science

The Science of Basketball | Infographics

Trending > Infographics

With the NBA playoffs underway, basketball is a popular topic these days. Not to mention that with summer around the corner, kids everywhere will be running out to the courts to shoot hoops with friends.

Initially, basketball seems so simple with just a ball and net, but there is actually a lot of science involved in the sport. Players can engage their muscles, cardio-vascular systems, hand-eye coordination, and agility. And there are scientific principles involved in every play. Trajectory, force, gravity, energy, motion, air pressure, percentage all interplay to make a successful game. Consider this…despite what most people might think, aiming for the center of the basket actually decreases the likelihood of a successful shot!

Sources:
www. scientificamerican.com
www.coachlikeapro.com
www.sciencedaily.com
www.sciencebuddies.org
www.sportsnscience.utah.edu
www.huffingtonpost.com
www2.hesston.edu
www.fearofphyics.com
www.sciencemag.org
www.personal.psu.eduall
www.wired.com
www.npr.org
www.scienceline.ucsb.edu
www.hyperphysics.phy
www.popularmechanics.com

About the Author

Jennifer Ellis

I love all things science and am passionate about bringing science to the public through writing. With an M.S. in Genetics and experience in cancer research, marketing and technical writing, it is a pleasure to share the latest trends and findings in science on LabRoots.

The Science of Basketball

Pass, dribble and shoot! It is time for March Mania basketball – one of the most famous annual sporting events in the US. Whether you are watching college teams on TV or playing in the backyard, basketball is fun because of Science! I betcha’ didn’t know there was science involved in the sport of basketball!

Bouncing the ball on the ground, passing to your teammate, and shooting at the goal all depend on physics, math and the laws of motion.

Origins of Basketball

By Evdcoldeportes via Wikimedia Commons

Basketball is considered the first sport that completely originated in the United States. It was invented in December of 1891 when Dr. James Naismith nailed up some peach baskets in a gym. Basketballs today are designed to bounce around the court and soar in an orange arc from your hands into the basket. But were they always like this? Why do they have those bumps on them?

When the sport was first invented soccer balls were used and players had a harder time holding on to and dribbling the ball than they did shooting a basket. The orange, bumpy ball we know today was developed as a result of problems players were having trying to play this brand new game.

Changes they made to the ball included making them bigger and adding bumps to the leather surface. This added bounce and friction to the equation. Modern basketballs are hollow with an inflatable inner rubber bladder and have a small opening that lets you control the air pressure. This hollow center is generally wrapped in layers of fiber and finally covered with leather, which is usually bright orange so players can easily see them. They took a problem – slippery, not so bouncy ball – and engineered a solution!

Why do they bounce?

Evdcoldeportes - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10785157

Basketballs bounce because of the pressurized air inside of them, gravity and Newton’s Laws of Motion.

When you dribble a basketball, your hand and gravity both push the ball towards the ground (Law #1). As it drops, the ball accelerates and speeds up (Law #2). It wants to stay in motion so the ball pushes into the ground when it hits, compressing the air inside. The ground pushes up with an equal, but opposite amount of force resulting in the ball bouncing back up in to your hand (Law #3). The energy in the compressed air is transferred back to the ball pushing it back into motion. If you were to take your hand away and stop dribbling, the ball would continue to bounce due to Newton’s first law, but would slow down and eventually stop due to friction.

The more air pressure inside, the harder it will push on the sides of the ball and the more bounce you’ll get. This is why an under inflated ball won’t bounce very well because there is not enough air pressure inside to maintain the forces necessary for bounce.

Why the bumps?

Image Source: Pixabay. com

So the last detail they added to their new ball was little bumps on the surface of the leather called pebbling. Adding these bumps was all about friction. When forces collide, friction naturally slows things down over time and the more points of contact an object has with another surface the more friction comes into play. So the bumps on the basketball basically increase the surface area of the ball and the amount of friction acting on it. This makes the pebbled ball ideal for a player to grip, pass quickly, and dribble without fear that the ball will slip away in a random direction.

Next time you shoot some hoops, observe all the features of the basketball that make it special. It’s a great example of engineering and American innovation in action!

Try this fun, at-home STEM basketball activity: http://sciencemadefunwnc.net/downloads/basketball_STEM.pdf

Author Science Made Fun!Posted on March 1, 2017Categories E-News HTHTTags basketball, bounce, friction, march, motion, newton's laws, science of basketball, STEM

The influence of basketball lessons on the human body

The basis of physiological perfection is the unity of all body functions. It can be assumed that the more systems and organs experience stress under the influence of physical activity, the more perfect the athlete's body becomes.

Basketball refers to those means of physical education that most significantly affect the comprehensive development of a person, improving his physiological indicators .

According to A. A. Ryss (1971), V. A. Danilov (1972), N. I. Volkov, V. M. Koryagin (1974), the specific motor activity of basketball players during the game is associated with anaerobic, anaerobic-aerobic processes and a large proportion of glycolytic reactions.

Thus, only during the running program of the competition many varieties of energy supply of working muscles appear.

A complex of loads of different content has a differentiated effect on the activity of the respiratory system.

From the studies of SV Farfel (1949) it is known that the maximum oxygen consumption (O2) in exceptionally trained athletes does not exceed 5-5. 5 l/min. During the performance of exercises of maximum intensity lasting 20-30 seconds (for basketball players - jerks into a fast break and return to defense), the body needs 14 liters of oxygen. In the absence of the proper amount of oxygen, carbohydrates break down under anaerobic (oxygen-free) conditions. The respiratory system functions most actively after exercise, removing ATP decay products from the muscles.

Under load in the zone of submaximal power lasting from 30 s to 5 min (attack and defense in a positional game), oxygen consumption reaches a maximum only at the end of work (anaerobic-aerobic process).

High power operation - from 5 to 30 minutes (during one half of the game) is characterized by the rise of the oxygen consumption curve in the initial period of work and, having reached the possible maximum oxygen consumption, is held for several minutes (aerobic process).

Moderate load power - at least 20-30 minutes (within the game) - does not exceed the limits of oxygen consumption.

The performance of precision motor acts (free throws) causes a decrease in breathing mainly due to the lengthening of the inspiratory pause, the exit phase and the appearance of periods of breath holding (I. P. Blokhin, Yu. I. Portnykh, A. M. Khutov, 1973).

Heart rate during the match ranges from 160-230 beats/min, on average - 199 beats/min. The external work of the heart increases 4 times, and the index of cardiac output - 7 times.

According to V. L. Karpman, S. V. Khrushchev, Yu. A. Borisov (1978), an increase in the relative volume of the heart (1300-1400 cm3) is observed in basketball players in more than 50% of cases compared with untrained men. They associate this phenomenon with the specifics of sports activities.

The relationship between the volume of the heart and physical performance in athletes is linear. The greater the volume of the sports heart, the higher the physical performance of the athlete, measured by the PWC170 test (V. L. Karpman, 3. B. Belotserkovsky, 1974).

Of all team sports, basketball players have the highest figure.

KS Strelis (1974), investigating the velocity of blood flow in the vessels of the upper and lower extremities, established a weakening of blood flow in basketball players at rest. The economy of blood flow is achieved by systematic intensive training. After a heavy physical load, the highest level of volumetric blood flow velocity was noted in young men, and the masters manage to perform an identical load with a more rational inclusion of individual muscles, which reduces the "blood debt" in the latter.

The need to switch from one level of activity to another determines the special nature of the course of nervous processes. Such a large load in the training and competitive processes improves the functions of analyzers, psychomotor functions, and with them the entire CNS.

Rapid assimilation of a wide range of changing information during a direct fight with an opponent with a constant lack of time is associated with increased activity and improvement of the functions of the visual analyzer. The peripheral elements of the retina (rods) provide control over the movements of partners and opponents on the court, and the central elements (cones) keep the ball in sight.

It is believed that the response to signals from the periphery of the visual field is lower than from the central one. In relation to basketball players , A. V. Rodionov (1973) rejects this point of view, believing that they respond equally well to signals both in the center and in the periphery of the field of view.

Spatial (deep) vision is improved while passing the ball to a moving partner, catching, dribbling.

The motor analyzer experiences a large load in the process of differentiated efforts associated with high accuracy of movements during throws and ball passes.

A. P. Laptev (1972), investigating the time of a motor reaction (maximum frequency of movements in 10, 20 s), the accuracy of muscle efforts during actions with the hands, differentiation of time in short intervals (1. 5–3.0 s), speed reviewing the proofreading text, found that 90,005 basketball players had 90,006 performance significantly better compared to representatives of other sports.

In the body of athletes there is a change in the composition of the blood, not only under the influence of physical activity, but also the emotional state. According to N. N. Yakovlev et al. (1960), after winning a match with an opponent of equal strength, in athletes, the amount of sugar in the blood increased - plus 5 mg%, lactic acid - plus 28 mg%; the loss caused a reverse reaction - minus 14 mg% and minus 38 mg%; winning the decisive match against a strong opponent in extra time increased these figures by plus 32.0 and plus 45.0 mg%, respectively.

According to VV Vasilyeva (1971), more perfect coordination of movements was found in experienced basketball players compared to beginners. In the former, muscle electrical potentials arise directly during movements, in the latter they appear long before receiving the ball and often even during deceptive movements of the partner, which is due to the lack of necessary differentiations.

Techniques of the game are performed from different initial positions: standing still, on the move - stepping, running, jumping, etc. performing the reception.

Indeed, during the game, techniques are performed in constant contact and confrontation with the opponent, which requires an instant adjustment of the athlete's actions, which differ from the automated skill, in accordance with the specific situation.

In the latter case, the variability of the skill is based on a large amount of information for making a decision and, at the same time, on the speed of its processing. At the same time, greater accuracy in predicting actions is required, as well as the accuracy and economy of new corrective impulses.

AV Rodionov (1973), studying the psychodiagnostics of sports abilities, established a correlation between the level of development of the reaction of foresight in short and long time intervals, the "sense of time" and the reaction of choice with effective actions in the game. It is logical to assume a feedback, when the improvement of effective actions in the game affects the development of mental functions.

SA Polievsky (1970) while teaching the profession of an assembler of small parts of watches basketball players and gymnasts revealed that basketball players mastered professional skills faster.

Consequently, there is a close correlation between the multifaceted training of basketball players and other types of professional activity in most modern specialties.

Literature

Human Anatomy / Ed. V. I. Kozlov. M, 1978.
Age physiology. L., 1975.
Karpman VL, Khrushchev S, V, Borisova Yu. A. The heart and performance of an athlete. M., 1978.
Kondrashin V. P., Koryagin V. M. Training of high level basketball players. Kyiv, 1978.
Human Physiology / Ed. N. V. Zimkina, 4th ed., M., 1970.

Kolos VM Basketball: theory, practice. - Minsk: Polymya, 1988. S. 2 9-32.

Research work "The influence of basketball lessons on the development of coordination abilities of junior schoolchildren" • Science and education ONLINE

Main Works for the competition Subject education Natural sciences Research work "The influence of basketball lessons on the development of coordination abilities of junior schoolchildren" Krasnoselsky district of St. Petersburg, named after P.I. Fedulova, grade 4

Supervisor: Kuznetsova Yulia Removna, primary school teacher

In our country, great attention is paid to physical development. In the future, today's elementary school students need to pass the TRP standards to enter the university. And, of course, now many children are thinking about how to grow up healthy and successful. Play is a natural environment for the development of a child. Basketball is a ball game. Exercises in catching, passing and dribbling require the development of coordination abilities from primary school students. Which in turn increases brain activity. In my work, I tried to prove that basketball lessons affect the development of coordination abilities of children in grades 1-4.

At the beginning of my research, a hypothesis was put forward : Basketball lessons affect the coordination abilities of younger schoolchildren.
Purpose of work:

To prove that basketball lessons can significantly develop the coordination abilities of students in grades 1-4.

Tasks:

Study the history of basketball.
Give a definition of coordination abilities and indicate their significance for the development of children.
Determine the age characteristics and the impact of basketball lessons on the development of coordination abilities
To compare the results of performing the proposed exercises by pupils of the 3rd grade and pupils of the SDUSHOR of the basketball department.
Conduct a survey of parents of young basketball players to find out if their children's coordination abilities have changed since they started playing basketball.
Talk to the PE teacher and basketball coach about the topic.

Research methods:

Collection of information on the topic
Compare
Analysis
Synthesis
Generalization.

Natural sciences

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