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How to become a basketball gm
Job Experience Required for a General Manager in the NBA | Work
By Chron Contributor Updated February 09, 2021
An NBA general manager is responsible for player contract negotiations. Typically, the general manager also supervises the operations of the coaching staff, which includes the power to hire and fire coaches and coaching assistants. Their high-profile position is greatly scrutinized, especially when their decisions go against the desires and opinions of fans, sports journalists and even team members. Their role is ultimately financial, but it involves accurately predicting talent, navigating trades, and choosing the right coaches for the direction of the team.
Interests and Skills
First and foremost, a general manager in the NBA must be knowledgeable about basketball. He is responsible for crafting the team, so he should have an excellent understanding of how the game works, and that goes beyond knowing the rules.![]()
He should know how the business of the NBA is conducted and be comfortable working in high-pressure situations.
He should also have a great mind for building and designing a potentially championship-winning team. General managers work with the often flamboyant or assertive personalities of NBA players, so being flexible and adaptable to players’ needs, while commanding the respect of the team, are essential skills that can be difficult to obtain through mere love of the game.
Educational Credentials
Many universities offer degrees in Sports Management or Sports Marketing. Some universities even offerg advanced degrees such as an M.S. in Kinesiology or Ph. D. in Human Performance. This is a good background for those interested in marketing players as agents, then transitioning into general management. Obtaining an advanced degree in business or even a law degree can prepare interested individuals for the cutthroat negotiations process, but an education is secondary to having the proper connections and reputation.
Sports Background
Most general managers are former players or coaches. They have not only developed a thorough knowledge of the league, but they have cultivated relationships with teams and other players. Former players and head coaches also have built reputations in the NBA, which works to impress and persuade prospective additions to the team.
An NBA general manager will recruit talent, so a quality reputation of good judgment can be a useful predictor of future success. Having experience in the NBA will improve a person’s ability to handle criticism as well, which in the volatile world of professional sports is crucial.
NBA General Manager Profiles
With only 29 general managers in the NBA, the chances of becoming one are quite slim, and there is no single, verifiable path that ends in NBA GM positions, as seen in NBA general managers in 2019. For example, Milt Newton, assistant general manager of the Milwaukee Bucks started his athletic career as a college basketball standout in Kansas.
By contrast, the general manager of the Houston Rockets, Daryl Morey didn't excel in athletics but earned an MBA from the MIT Sloan School of Management.
The only consistent common denominator between general managers is their love of the game. To become a general manager, you must be passionate about the job and willing to work crazy hours. The rewards, however, are startling. NBA general managers enjoy some of the highest salaries in professional sports. Rookie Road estimates that the average NBA GM salary is between $1-3 million.
How to Get Hired by an NBA Team, According to an NBA GM | News, Scores, Highlights, Stats, and Rumors
Bob Levey/Getty Images
So you want to work in the NBA—specifically, in basketball operations—but you have no formal experience with the game itself. You might've played, but probably not at a high level, be it collegiately or professionally. You've watched plenty of basketball, be it on TV or in person, but you'd never count that as scouting experience.
You've dunked a basketball...on a nine-foot rim...with a child-sized ball.
Never fear, hoops head. There are employment opportunities in the Association for you yet, so long as you're passionate about the sport and you have a solid understanding of its dynamics.
And you've worked on Wall Street.
At least, that's what Houston Rockets general manager Daryl Morey seemed to suggest in a recent interview with Scott Soshnick of Bloomberg News. As of early November, the man often referred to by Grantland's Bill Simmons as "Dork Elvis" was looking to fill no fewer than two positions in the Rockets' basketball operations department: one as an analyst and another as an intern.
Per Soshnick, the gigs would pay between $25,000 and $70,000 per annum, depending on the recipient's experience. That's a solid starting salary for the average layperson, but a massive pay cut for any whiz kid already entrenched in the financial sector.
The assumption, then, is that whoever would give up a big salary in New York City for a more middle-class wage in Houston would do so for the love of the game.
..or out of a distaste for the fast-and-furious lifestyle inherent in the financial sector. As Morey noted:
It could be a blog, or maybe they’re using their free time to make themselves smarter in sports. Combine that with success on Wall Street and you’ve got a great candidate.
Think Trey Kerby crossed with Gordon Gecko, or Ethan Strauss with Chris Varick.
Why Wall Street, you ask? Simple, to hear Morey tell it:
Wall Street folks are great at forecasting, at using objective evidence in decision making. And they’re often overworked and miserable. The smart ones figure out it might not be worth it.
See, in a sector as latent with risk as is high finance, the smart ones go to great lengths to make sure they're making the right moves in any situation. Gut and intuition haven't been eschewed entirely, but rather have been expounded upon by statistics and other analytical data that can and often do help to forecast the future.
Such forecasts and pro/con judgments are part and parcel of the daily operations of an NBA franchise. Whether it's preparing for tonight's matchup, tomorrow's trade talk or NBA draft deliberations thereafter, organizations could always use a bit of objective analysis to complement, if not influence, their more subjective notions about a certain situation.
Basketball and finance may be disparate sectors by nature, but both rely on sound decision making to succeed. This isn't to suggest that Wall Street traders necessarily make better choices than their NBA counterparts; if anything, the economic downturn in America since 2008 would suggest otherwise.
But those in finance are, by and large, more privy to and less wary of the influence of the scientific method on their craft. Many in the NBA, particularly ex-players like Philadelphia 76ers coach Doug Collins and Cleveland Cavaliers coach Byron Scott, have shown different degrees of disdain for number-crunching on the whole or simply as a sole basis for decision making.
The same could be said of just about any professional sport, though. It would seem that those who played the game (i.e. jocks) cast a skeptic eye toward those who didn't (i.e. nerds) but would deign to tell them what to do and/or encroach upon their domain.
But the times, they are a-changin'. Where once Oakland A's GM Billy Beane was a pariah for attempting to exploit market inefficiencies with computational tactics, his "Moneyball" approach is now nearly par for the course in Major League Baseball and has even spawned a Brad Pitt flick.
A similar tide is turning in the NBA, albeit at a snail's pace. The Dallas Mavericks employ an extensive analytical department to sift through data pertaining to strategies both on the court and in the front office. The Boston Celtics and the Cavs have been in on it too, and nearly every organization has dabbled in advanced stats to some extent.
And of course, the Rockets, at Morey's behest, have been at the forefront of the numbers revolution in basketball.
They've even gone so far as to display "Four Factors" stats on the scoreboard at the Toyota Center during games.
You can be a part of the movement too if you know a thing or two about hoops, analytics and the intersection between the two. You'd better act quickly, though. The Rockets have already fielded upward of 1,100 resumes, with approximately 20 percent of them coming from the financial sector. Something tells me there are at least two highly qualified applicants among them.
No statistical proof of that. Just a hunch.
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How to become a grandmaster — DTF chess
Translation of an article by GM Avetik Grigoryan about how easy it is to become a grandmaster.
6147 views
If you ask children who have just started playing chess what they want to achieve in the game, in 99% of cases they will answer: "Become a world champion!"
If you ask adults about this, the answer will often be: “I want to become a grandmaster!”
It's great when a person has a dream.
It's even better when that dream becomes a goal. And yet, at the beginning of the journey, you need to know what difficulties await you. Otherwise, you risk spending a lot of time and effort to end up with nothing.
I could easily write an inspiring article about how anyone can become a grandmaster, how easy it is, and so on. But I don't write articles to motivate you.
I am writing them with only one purpose - to help you.
Therefore, in this article I will open your eyes to the real state of things. I will tell you all the things that others usually do not say, and in the end you will understand why this truth is so hard to find.
At the same time, I don't want to dampen your ardor or kill your enthusiasm. I just want to tell it like it is. And even if, having learned all the circumstances, you will still rush into battle, I will be the first to help you along this path.
Unfortunately, most of the articles on the topic "Is it easy to become a grandmaster" are written by people who have not reached this title themselves.
So it's time to tell the whole truth about how difficult it is, and at the same time just become a grandmaster.
From one extreme to another
How difficult is it to achieve this title?
Let's start with the fact that, perhaps, there is no other area where complexity would be so underestimated or, conversely, overestimated.
On the one hand, I see people who play for two years and think that in a couple of years they will become grandmasters (I'm serious!), but on the other hand, there are people who, at fifteen years old with a rating of 2400, do not even suspect how close they are to the coveted title.
Big lie
Why do many people think that becoming a grandmaster is easy?
There are two reasons for this.
1. Many articles assure us of this.
People write articles like this to motivate their readers. Would you refuse to read about how easily and simply the title is achieved?
2.
This is beneficial for coaches.
Unfortunately, I still hear about coaches who assure their students that they can bring them to the level of a grandmaster in a year. After hearing this, many will be willing to pay the coach as much as he asks. The problem is that these coaches say this to all their students...
I'm even more surprised by people who don't even come close to a title, but make videos or write articles about how to become a grandmaster. And not just to become, but to become quickly!
As I write this, I realize how many people will jump on this article to defend themselves and their lies. But I want to bring the truth to you, no matter what the cost.
Becoming a grandmaster is difficult. Really difficult. At the same time, it is possible.
Why do people think it's easy?
The fact is that many beginners, starting to play chess offline or online, quickly rise from zero to a rating of 1000. The next year they read educational books or watch videos, and reach a rating of 1500.
Then they say to themselves: “So if I increase my rating by 500 points every year, then it only takes me two years to get 2500. Wow. You have to google whether it's a lot or a little. Wow, this is grandmaster level! Super! I will be a grandmaster in two years!”
But the math works a little differently here.
The point is that it is easier to level up by 1500 points from 500 to 2000 than it is to level up by 200 points from 2300 to 2500. And the problem is that the stronger you become, the harder it is to move up the rating.
Let's take a look at how this usually happens.
When you play against people with a rating between 0 and 1000, you usually meet newbies or those who just play for fun. Therefore, it is not difficult to climb from 0 to 1000. Sometimes this can be done without reading books or watching a single instructional video.
When you get stronger and play against 1000-1500, then you are not playing with beginners. Here, many opponents read chess books, and some study with a coach.
The competition is intensifying. Passing this level just by playing more games is no longer so easy.
Chess players of 1500-2000 level definitely don't just play, but study books, videos or take lessons from coaches. You need to work hard to pass this level. Playing one hour a day is no longer enough.
At 2000-2300 it gets even more difficult. Most players know the openings, understand the game well and have a lot of experience. It is impossible to rise from 2000 to 2300 devoting one hour a day to chess.
As for the level between 2300 and 2400, how are you going to beat gifted kids and experienced players? Most of them are or have been with coaches. Their debut preparation is top notch. They are strong in both tactics and strategy. Most of them dedicate several hours a day to playing chess. And if you also work out for a few hours, this is enough to stay at 2300, but not enough to get to 2400.
When you get to level 2400 and get the title of International Master, you will mostly face professionals who play chess almost all day to reach the Grandmaster title, or just very experienced players.
Here it becomes even more difficult...
Now working on chess for 8 hours a day is not enough to become a grandmaster. You must have a good coach or coaches, a well-thought-out training plan and high productivity. In addition, you need to have a strong will so as not to break down and not go astray. You can't become a grandmaster just by playing well.
Just as an example
Have you ever seen a grandmaster's opening preparation files? When you are scrolling and scrolling down, but the end and edge of this file is not visible?
I'll show you.
And this is an analysis of only one variation - the French Defence, the Vinaver Variation. And I have hundreds of such analyzes on my computer. (don't even think about stealing my computer)
You're probably thinking, “Wow. Probably, it takes a lot of effort to do this? Nope. You can't even imagine how much effort you have to put into it.
I haven't played at a professional level for many years, devoting myself to coaching.
Now imagine what kind of training the top-level grandmasters should have.
Once again, I'm just trying to open your eyes to the fact that becoming a grandmaster is never easy.
And if you think that you accept the rules of the game and just work hard on chess, it still won't be enough. Other chess players also work hard on their game. How are you going to beat them? They are very well prepared. They are professionals. They are not going to give up and will not settle for a draw in a winning position. They have all the necessary knowledge and fighting character.
Competition at this level is much more intense than it was at the level from 1800 to 2000.
Exceptions
Of course there are exceptions. There are people who reach 2000 without knowing a single opening, without working with a coach and without watching a single course video.
There are people who become grandmasters simply by playing 1.Nf3, 2.g3, 3.Bg2, for example, GM Hovhannes Gabuzyan.
Or people who reach 2700 without much preparation, like GM Baadur Jobava. But you have to understand how talented they are. If you have never played with them or have not seen how they sort out the game, then you can not even imagine the level of their talent.
If you consider yourself equally talented... Well, then I advise you to find sponsors, coaches, and work 8 hours a day to become one of the best players in the world.
Financial difficulties
There is another problem - money.
You can reach the title of international master on your own. The chance of this is less than 1%, but it is still possible.
But becoming a grandmaster without a coach simply won't work. You will need someone to help break down your games, correct mistakes, and fix weaknesses in the game.
When I was an International Master at 18, I decided to become a Grandmaster in just one year. Not just to play at this high level, but to complete all three norms and pass 2500, which is a requirement for the title.
Guess what I did first. No, I haven't started reading yet another chess book. I started looking for a coach. But not just a coach, but someone who would believe in me and that I could reach the title in just one year. So I found my future coach Artur Chibukhchan, who believed in my dream.
Without his help, I would have exactly zero chance of reaching my goal in one year. When it's easy to become a grandmaster, there are already few chances.
Problems
The problem is that a high-class chess coach is an expensive pleasure. Their services will cost an average of $ 100 per hour. Another problem is that it will be necessary to participate in international competitions. This is also not cheap - the cost of tickets and accommodation, entrance fees, etc.
If there are no problems with money, that's great. But for many who aspire to the title, spending big can be a hurdle. Even more sad is that many do not even suspect that they will not see the title without proper funding.
I don't know a single grandmaster who hasn't spent thousands of dollars or had sponsors on their way to the title.
Strong character
To become a grandmaster you also need to have a strong character. It's not enough to just play well. Throughout the chess path, you will be hit by blows of fate. You will have embarrassing defeats. You will have such terrible tournaments that the first reaction will be to give up the dream and quit chess.
Almost all grandmasters have experienced this in their careers. But what makes them different from the rest is that they didn't give up...
Winners never give up and those who give up never win.
I myself had defeats so painful that I didn't touch the chessboard for months. But I still came back. And if you talk to other grandmasters, they all have a similar story.
Many players more talented than us quit chess. Because they did not hold the blows of fate.
4 qualities necessary for a grandmaster
Summing up, there are four qualities necessary for someone who wants to become a grandmaster:
- To have talent
- work hard
- Have a strong character
- Invest in yourself
If you feel that you are not talented enough, then you need to work harder on other qualities.
If you don't have enough money, then you need to work harder than others. That's all wisdom.
Some statistics
It is estimated that around 700 million people play chess in the world. Let's say that this figure is exaggerated, and in fact only 50 million play.
To become a grandmaster, as I already mentioned, you need to fulfill three norms and surpass the level of 2500. If you have more than 2500, then you are in the top 1000 chess players in the world. In this case, you fall into 0.002% of the players. Just think about how small this number is - 0.002.
Good news
If, after reading all this, you still believe in your dream, believe that you can become a grandmaster, and no one can stop you, I can only shake your hand. In this case, you can do everything.
If I can do it, you can too.
I'm serious.
When I say that I had no special chess talent, many laugh, thinking that I am joking. Or they say: “Is it possible to become a grandmaster with a level above 2600 without talent?”
But it's true.
My friends with whom I worked on chess can attest to how bad my memory is. When we studied some positions together, often the next day I could not remember more than 10% of what I learned. And before the game, when I had to brush up on options, it took me three times as long as the others.
I'll say one funny thing, you just promise not to laugh too hard. There was a moment in my career when I solved a lot of chess problems. And I saved the most interesting puzzles in a separate file. But not because I knew that someday I would become a coach and I would need them, but simply because I had such a bad memory that in a couple of months I was solving the same problems. It seemed to me that I was seeing them for the first time and had never solved them before.
I've never been good at blitz. My brain didn't work as fast as my titled friends.
So how did I become a grandmaster?
I just worked harder than anyone else.
My family, coaches and friends know how dedicated I was to chess and my dream.
I worked for weeks on end, seven days a week, 8 hours a day. I just didn't have any other choice. As I said, if you lack one of the four necessary skills, then you will have to work harder on the rest.
It will be easier for you
So, I became a grandmaster and then passed the level of 2600. Many of those who are reading this now may be much more talented than me. And if you work as hard as I do, then you can handle 2700.
I also invested wisely in myself.
I didn't buy all the chess books. I took only those that I really needed. I didn't hire the best coaches - I just couldn't afford it. But I hired the best of those for whom I had enough funds.
I always try to be humble. But now I can say that I would most likely become a grandmaster and faster if in my time there were all these learning platforms and video courses from titled players.
So you lucky ones even have an advantage over me.
I am no longer young.
Can I become a grandmaster?
I also have good news here.
There is an opinion that if you have not started playing since childhood, then you will not become a grandmaster. This is only half true.
If you are 30 and your rating is 2000, it will be more difficult for you to get a title than an eight-year-old child with the same rating. The only difference between you is that most likely you have a job and obligations to loved ones. Maybe you are married and you have children, then there is even less time for chess.
But if you are free and can devote all your time to chess, then an eight-year-old child has no advantage over you.
You only have one thing left - and the most important!
Most important
Ask yourself why do you want to become a grandmaster? Try to find an honest and clear answer to this question.
If you get such an answer, then nothing can stop you.
Finally
Let me remind you that the purpose of this article is not to moderate your ardor, but to open your eyes to the real state of things.
To help you orient yourself and show you what difficulties will lie in wait on the way. At the same time, I want you to believe in your dream, fight for it and never give up.
Rushing into battle without knowing the chances of winning is foolishness. Fighting knowing the odds are slim is heroism.
Original article:
Mechanical grandmasters: how technology turns chess into poker - Ideonomics - Smart about the essentials
A still from the movie "Pawn Sacrifice"
student basketball league - Ideonomics note). Something similar happened when, at the Sinquefield Cup chess tournament in St. Louis, an American teenager named Hans Niemann broke the 53-match winning streak of world champion Magnus Carlsen, one of the best players of all time. But the real commotion arose the next day: Carlsen withdrew from the competition with a cryptic tweet with a video: "If I talk, I'll be in big trouble." The chess king tacitly accused his opponent of cheating, and the chess world exploded.
In the following days, the world was divided: some chess figures attacked Niemann, others came out in his defense. The American himself admitted that he cheated in online chess at least twice - at 12 and 16 years old. Past deeds, as well as insufficiently good chess analysis in his interview after the victory, increased suspicions of foul play. On Twitch and Twitter, players and fans have speculated that Niemann was receiving secret messages encoded in the vibrations of electronic shoe inserts or remote-controlled anal beads. No concrete evidence of fraud was found, and 19-year-old grandmaster strongly denied all accusations. In addition, he swore that he never cheated at the board and learned from previous mistakes.
But no matter what actually happens, everyone agrees on one thing: cheating in chess in 2022 is, in principle, quite simple. Over the past 15 years, artificial intelligence software packages known as "chess engines" have become widely available and have the potential to destroy the world's best chess players.
All the scammer has to do to win is to direct the machine's advice in the right direction. And that's not the only way computers have changed the landscape of a 1,500-year-old sport. Beginners or even grandmasters draw inspiration from the outputs of these engines and train by memorizing computer moves. In other words, technology has practically ousted creativity from chess, forcing top players not to play, but to use tricks, bluffs, and other psychological tricks. In that sense, the recent scandal only shows the growing dark side of the sport.
Computers took over chess 25 years ago when IBM's Deep Blue supercomputer defeated world champion Garry Kasparov. News editorials at the time declared the party a "Greek tragedy" in which the silicon "hand of God" crushed humanity. However, despite its cultural resonance, 1997 did not become a turning point for chess. Deep Blue, a one-of-a-kind supercomputer weighing nearly 3,000 pounds, couldn't change the game on its own. His genius depended on incredible computing power and grandmasters to help build the machine.
It all got to the point where, if Kasparov lost, he could easily blame IBM for helping the computer, a dynamic that today's allegations of foul play have reversed.
But by the mid-2000s, software and commercial hardware upgrades made powerful algorithms more accessible. In 2006, an engine running on a standard desktop computer defeated world champion Vladimir Kramnik. Players by that time had already used them to evaluate individual tactics. According to grandmaster and author of several books on chess engines, Matthew Sadler, Kramnik's loss ushered in the first era of computer chess dominance, in which even the elite chess relies on strategy evaluation software.
As the software became widespread, the game began to change. Elite chess has always involved memorization, but "the amount of material to prepare and memorize has become unimaginable" as machines calculate positions much more accurately and faster than humans. What seemed magical became calculable; where previously it was necessary to rely on intuition, now requires careful memorization and training.![]()
Chess, once poetic and philosophical, has acquired elements of a spelling contest: the battle of preparation, the assessment of hours spent. “The thrill used to be about using your mind creatively and finding unique and difficult solutions to strategic problems, rather than checking who had the best memorization of combinations,” says GM Wesley So, ranked fifth in the world.
According to FIDE CEO Emil Sutovsky, once computers began to reliably beat grandmasters, cheating became a serious threat. The federation took the first measures to combat cheating back in 2008.
This does not mean that chess has been "taken apart" like checkers (in the sense that an ideal set of moves has been developed for each position). There are more possible chess games in the observable universe than there are atoms. Sadler believes that it is "human weakness" - that we are not machines - that makes chess exciting. People still forget about pre-match analysis, can't predict the opponent's strategy, and end up in positions they weren't prepared for.
According to Sutovsky, the computers of the first era of chess engines were able to defend well, but they still had weaknesses, for example, they were not able to determine what long-term benefit comes from sacrificing a particular piece.
But that all changed on December 5, 2017, when the AI researchers at Alphabet announced a new algorithm, AlphaZero, that outperformed the best existing chess engine by simply playing a game against itself in four hours. AlphaZero used a neural network, an approach to artificial intelligence that mimics the human brain and allows the machine to learn. Other chess engines quickly adopted the new technology, ushering in the modern era of total computer domination.
In the first era, people developed attack strategies and then perfected them in games against machines. According to Sadler, AlphaZero crushed earlier engines by "playing extremely aggressive chess." Modern neural network engines are willing to make sacrifices; they demonstrate a strong understanding of openings, positional structure, and long-term strategy.![]()
“It became a little more like a human playing,” Sutovsky says of the transformation. Or even as a superman: New chess engines seemed to understand "tactical skirmish, but also had the ability to plan for long-term compensation for material losses."
To understand how perfect machines have become, consider the Elo chess rating system, developed by an American physicist, which compares the relative strength of players. The highest rating in the history of mankind, achieved by Carlsen twice in the last decade, was 2882 points. DeepBlue's rating was 2853. The Rybka chess engine was the first to reach 3000 points in 2007, and the most powerful program to date, Stockfish, has a conservative estimate of over 3500 Elo points. This means that she has approximately 98% chance to beat Carlsen in a match and 2% chance to draw. A complete victory for Carlsen looks almost impossible.
While chess engines used to evaluate human strategies, the new modernized versions that are freely available on the Internet, including Stockfish, generate amazing ideas and discover the perfect way to play, to the point that human performance is measured in "centipawns" (hundredths of pawns) loss compared to the computer game.
During training, a player may ask the software to produce a set of moves appropriate for a given situation, and then use the sixth version of the computer, rather than the first, in the hope of confusing a human opponent who has been training using similar algorithms. Or choose a move that takes into account the weaknesses of a particular opponent. Many chess experts have adopted the more aggressive style of the new engines, and algorithms have popularized numerous tactics previously underestimated by humans.
The advent of neural network engines delights many chess players and coaches, including Sutovsky and Sadler. Carlsen said he was "inspired" when he first saw AlphaZero play. This helped improve the game for amateurs and open up new aspects for experts. From this point of view, chess engines have not eliminated creativity, but have redefined what is meant by it.
And yet, if computers set the gold standard for the game, and the best players only try to emulate them, then it is not entirely clear what people create.
“Because of the prevalence of machine play,” Grandmaster So explains, “we are being asked to forgo creative thinking and play like mechanical bots. It's so boring. And so it humiliates us." And if elite players have no chance against machines, they are ready to cheat in games with live opponents, playing subtle, unexpected or suboptimal moves, using "human weakness" as a weapon. Thus, modern chess is increasingly reminiscent of psychological warfare: not so much a spelling battle as a round of poker.
In this context, cheating scandals are nothing more than a natural step in the evolution of chess. Poker has been rocked by allegations of cheating for years, including cases where players have been accused of getting help from artificial intelligence. When the highest form of creativity lies in outsmarting an opponent—as has always been the case in poker—breaking the rules seems quite natural.
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