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How long did a basketball game last under the original


Where Basketball was Invented: The History of Basketball

Where Basketball Originated

It was the winter of 1891-1892. Inside a gymnasium at Springfield College (then known as the International YMCA Training School), located in Springfield, Mass., was a group of restless college students. The young men had to be there; they were required to participate in indoor activities to burn off the energy that had been building up since their football season ended. The gymnasium class offered them activities such as marching, calisthenics, and apparatus work, but these were pale substitutes for the more exciting games of football and lacrosse they played in warmer seasons.

James Naismith, The Person Who Invented Basketball

The instructor of this class was James Naismith, a 31-year-old graduate student. After graduating from Presbyterian College in Montreal with a theology degree, Naismith embraced his love of athletics and headed to Springfield to study physical education—at that time, a relatively new and unknown academic discipline—under Luther Halsey Gulick, superintendent of physical education at the College and today renowned as the father of physical education and recreation in the United States.

As Naismith, a second-year graduate student who had been named to the teaching faculty, looked at his class, his mind flashed to the summer session of 1891, when Gulick introduced a new course in the psychology of play. In class discussions, Gulick had stressed the need for a new indoor game, one “that would be interesting, easy to learn, and easy to play in the winter and by artificial light.” No one in the class had followed up on Gulick’s challenge to invent such a game. But now, faced with the end of the fall sports season and students dreading the mandatory and dull required gymnasium work, Naismith had a new motivation.

Two instructors had already tried and failed to devise activities that would interest the young men. The faculty had met to discuss what was becoming a persistent problem with the class’s unbridled energy and disinterest in required work.

During the meeting, Naismith later wrote that he had expressed his opinion that “the trouble is not with the men, but with the system that we are using. ” He felt that the kind of work needed to motivate and inspire the young men he faced “should be of a recreative nature, something that would appeal to their play instincts.”

Before the end of the faculty meeting, Gulick placed the problem squarely in Naismith’s lap.

“Naismith,” he said. “I want you to take that class and see what you can do with it.”

So Naismith went to work. His charge was to create a game that was easy to assimilate, yet complex enough to be interesting. It had to be playable indoors or on any kind of ground, and by a large number of players all at once. It should provide plenty of exercise, yet without the roughness of football, soccer, or rugby since those would threaten bruises and broken bones if played in a confined space.

Much time and thought went into this new creation. It became an adaptation of many games of its time, including American rugby (passing), English rugby (the jump ball), lacrosse (use of a goal), soccer (the shape and size of the ball), and something called duck on a rock, a game Naismith had played with his childhood friends in Bennie’s Corners, Ontario. Duck on a rock used a ball and a goal that could not be rushed. The goal could not be slammed through, thus necessitating “a goal with a horizontal opening high enough so that the ball would have to be tossed into it, rather than being thrown.”

Naismith approached the school janitor, hoping he could find two, 18-inch square boxes to use as goals. The janitor came back with two peach baskets instead. Naismith then nailed them to the lower rail of the gymnasium balcony, one at each end. The height of that lower balcony rail happened to be ten feet. A man was stationed at each end of the balcony to pick the ball from the basket and put it back into play. It wasn’t until a few years later that the bottoms of those peach baskets were cut to let the ball fall loose.

Naismith then drew up the 13 original rules, which described, among other facets, the method of moving the ball and what constituted a foul. A referee was appointed. The game would be divided into two, 15-minute halves with a five-minute resting period in between. Naismith’s secretary typed up the rules and tacked them on the bulletin board. A short time later, the gym class met, and the teams were chosen with three centers, three forwards, and three guards per side. Two of the centers met at mid-court, Naismith tossed the ball, and the game of “basket ball” was born.

Here's the history of basketball—from peach baskets in Springfield to global phenomenon

James Naismith, a Canadian American physical educator and innovator, invented the game of basketball in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1891 to keep his students active during the winter. The game was an immediate success and the original American sport spread instantly to other colleges and YMCAs. Naismith is pictured here with his wife Maude Evelyn Sherman Naismith.

Photograph via Agefotostock / Alamy Stock Photo

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The nets used by athletes to dunk the ball and score points in the beloved game of basketball evolved from peaches, or rather the baskets used to collect peaches.

That’s what a young athletic director ultimately used on a cold day back in 1891 for a new game he created to keep his students engaged. 

James Naismith was a 31-year old graduate student teaching physical education at the International YMCA Training School, now known as Springfield College, in Springfield, Massachusetts when students were forced to stay indoors for days due to a New England storm.  The usual winter athletic activities were marching, calisthenics, and apparatus work but they weren’t nearly as thrilling as football or lacrosse which were played during the warmer seasons. 

James Naismith, the creator of basketball, stands with the 1899 University of Kansas basketball team.

Photography via Florida Historical 1A / Alamy Stock Photo

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Naismith wanted to create a game that would be simple to understand but complex enough to be interesting. The game had to be playable indoors, and it had to accommodate several players at once. The game also needed to provide plenty of exercise for the students, yet without the physicality of football, soccer, or rugby since those would threaten more severe injuries if played in a confined space. (See 100 years of football in pictures.)

Naismith approached the school janitor, hoping he could find two square boxes to use for goals. When the janitor came back from his search, he had two peach baskets instead. Naismith nailed the peach baskets to the lower rail of the gymnasium balcony, one on each side. The height of that lower balcony rail happened to be 10 feet. The students would play on teams to try to get the ball into their team’s basket.  A person was stationed at each end of the balcony to retrieve the ball from the basket and put it back into play.

The first game ever played between students was a complete brawl.

Two boys stand on the first basketball court in the gymnasium of the School for Christian Workers, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1900s.

Photograph via. Hulton Archive/Getty Images

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“The boys began tackling, kicking and punching in the crunches, they ended up in a free for all in the middle of the gym floor before I could pull them apart,” Naismith said during a January 1939 radio program on WOR in New York City called We the People, his only known recording. “One boy was knocked out. Several of them had black eyes and one had a dislocated shoulder.” Naismith said. “After that first match, I was afraid they'd kill each other, but they kept nagging me to let them play again so I made up some more rules.”

The humble beginnings of the only professional sport to originate in the United States laid the foundation for today’s multi-billion-dollar business. The current National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) March Madness college basketball tournament includes the best 68 of more than 1,000 college teams, stadiums that seat tens of thousands of spectators and lucrative television contracts.

Details of the original 1891 copy of the rules of "Basket Ball" are presented at Sotheby's auction house December 3, 2010 in New York City. The two-page document sold for $4.3 million.

Photograph by Chris Hondros, Getty Images

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Original rules of the game

Naismith didn’t create all of the rules at once, but continued to modify them into what are now known as the original 13 rules. Some are still part of the modern game today.  Naismith’s original rules of the game sold at auction in 2010 for $4.3 million.

In the original rules: The ball could be thrown in any direction with one or both hands, never a fist.  A player could not run with the ball but had to throw it from the spot where it was caught. Players were not allowed to push, trip or strike their opponents. The first infringement was considered a foul. A second foul would disqualify a player until the next goal was made. But if there was evidence that a player intended to injure an opponent, the player would be disqualified for the whole game.

Umpires served as judges for the game, made note of fouls and had the power to disqualify players. They decided when the ball was in bounds, to which side it belonged, and managed the time. Umpires decided when a goal had been made and kept track of the goals.

If a team made three consecutive fouls, the opposing team would be allowed a goal.

A goal was made when the ball was thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stayed there. If the ball rested on the edges, and the opponent moved the basket, it would count as a goal. When the ball went out of bounds, it was thrown into the field of play by the person first touching it. The person throwing the ball was allowed five seconds; if he held it longer, the ball would go to the opponent. In case of a dispute, an umpire would throw the ball straight into the field. If any side persisted in delaying the game, the umpire would call a foul on that side.

The length of a game was two 15-minute halves, with five minutes' rest between.  The team making the most goals within the allotted time was declared the winner. If a game was tied, it could be continued until another goal was made.

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Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.

Left: University of Kansas women's basketball team members Marcella Morewitz, left, and Grace Endicott get expert coaching from Dr. James Naismith, a member of the university's faculty and inventor of basketball, in 1926.

Photograph by George Rinhart, Corbis/Getty Images

Right: Olivia Nelson-Ododa (#20) of the University of Connecticut Huskies goes up for a basket against Digna Strautmane (#45) of the Syracuse Orange during the second round of the 2021 NCAA Women’s Basketball Tournament at the Alamodome on March 23, 2021 in San Antonio, Texas. UCONN won the game and advanced to the Sweet 16. The Huskies have won more NCAA championships than any other women's basketball team in the nation. They cut down the nets, an honor for the winning team, in 1995, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016.

Photograph by Carmen Mandato, Getty Images

First public games

The first public game of basketball was played in a YMCA gymnasium and was recorded by the Springfield Republican on March 12th, 1892. The instructors played against the students. Around 200 spectators attended to discover this new sport they had never heard of or seen before. In the story published by the Republican, the teachers were credited with “agility” but the student’s “science” is what led them to defeat the teachers 5-1.

Within weeks the sport’s popularity grew rapidly. Students attending other schools introduced the game at their own YMCAs. The original rules were printed in a college magazine, which was mailed to YMCAs across the country. With the colleges’ well-represented international student body the sport also was introduced to many foreign nations. High schools began to introduce the new game, and by 1905, basketball was officially recognized as a permanent winter sport.

The first intercollegiate basketball game between two schools is disputed, according to the NCAA. In 1893, two school newspaper articles were published chronicling separate recordings of collegiate basketball games facing an opposing college team.

In 1892, less than a year after Naismith created the sport, Smith College gymnastics instructor Senda Berenson, introduced the game to women’s athletics. The first recorded intercollegiate game between women took place between Stanford University and University of California at Berkeley in 1896.

With the sport’s growth in popularity, it gained notice from the International Olympic Committee and was introduced at the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis as a demonstration event. It wasn’t until 1936 that basketball was recognized as a medal event. Women’s basketball wasn’t included as an Olympic medal event until the 1976 Montreal games. (Wheelchair basketball in Cambodia changed these women's lives.)

Jim Baechtold (10) of the New York Knickerbockers and Bob Brannum (18) of the Boston Celtics try to get a rebound in the first quarter of a March 16, 1954 NBA playoff game at the Boston Garden. Others in the picture are Celtics Chuck Cooper (11) center, and Bob Cousy (14) left. In 1950, Cooper was the first Black basketball player drafted by an NBA team.

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As the sport continued its rapid spread, professional leagues began to form across the United States. Basketball fans cheered on their new hometown teams. The first professional league was the National Basketball League (NBL) formed in 1898, comprised of six teams in the northeast. The league only lasted about five years. After it dissolved in 1904, the league would be reintroduced 33 years later in 1937 with an entirely new support system, with Goodyear, Firestone, and General Electric corporations as the league owners, and 13 teams.

While professional sports leagues gained nationwide attention, college basketball was also a major fixture. The first NCAA tournament, which included eight teams, was held in 1939 at Northwestern University.  The first collegiate basketball national champion was the University of Oregon. The team defeated Ohio State University.

Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.

Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.

Left: Villagers watch a basketball game at Yangping Village in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, China on July 12, 2020.

Photograph by Shi Yunping, VCG / Getty Images

Right: Oklahoma City Thunder player Steven Adams (12) rebounds in a game against the Portland Trail Blazers at Chesapeake Energy Arena in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, on April 21, 2019.

Photograph by Greg Nelson, Sports Illustrated / Getty Images

Like most of the United States in the early to mid 1900s, basketball was segregated. The sport wouldn’t be integrated until 1950 when Chuck Cooper was drafted by the Boston Celtics. Prior to Cooper being drafted there were groups of black teams across the country, commonly known as “the black fives”, which referred to the five starting players on a basketball team.  All-black teams were often referred to as colored quints or Negro cagers.  The teams flourished in New York City, Washington, D.C., Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Chicago, and in other cities with substantial African American populations. They were amateur, semi-professional, and professional.

Of the more than 1,000 collegiate basketball teams across all divisions of the NCAA, 68 teams play in the annual March Madness tournament. The best college teams from each conference around the country compete for a place in the Sweet 16, Elite Eight, Final Four and, ultimately,  the national championship. Though basketball might not be played the same way as it was when Naismith invented it—peach baskets have been replaced with nets, metal hoops and plexiglass blackboards—its evolution proves that the game has transcended a century.

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ru » How many minutes does a basketball game last?

The popularity of basketball on television, and in general, is easily explained, because it is one of the most spectacular games in the history of mankind. For the National Basketball Association (NBA), this observation is doubly true, since in the States basketball has been brought to a qualitatively different level. Here, even the game system is built and adjusted in such a way as to give the viewer the opportunity to enjoy the maximum amount of emotions, experiences and sharp moments.

How long does the basketball game last ?

In the NBA, what is called "net" game time is 4 quarters of 12 minutes, that is, 48 ​​minutes. At first glance, this is not enough, because the game in other popular sports takes longer: a football match lasts 90 minutes - 2 halves of 45 minutes, hockey - 3 periods of 20 minutes, etc.

But there is a certain trick here - the actual, "dirty" time of the game, includes a huge number of pauses that fill the time between the game segments. Plus, do not forget about the breaks between quarters, they also last from 2 minutes between the first and second, and third or fourth quarters, up to a 15-minute "big" break in the middle of the match.

According to NBA statistics, an average basketball game lasts about 135-140 minutes. This is true for the regular season, in the playoffs, as a rule, matches are longer.

In European basketball, the duration of the match is shorter - four quarters of 10 minutes, that is, 40 minutes of regular time.

Also, not every game ends in the allotted time: according to the rules, if the teams play a draw in regular time, a 5-minute overtime is assigned, when the teams must necessarily determine the winner. If it is not possible to do this in the first, another one is appointed, then, if necessary, another and another, until one of the squads wins. According to the rules of basketball, the winner must be determined.

The longest game in NBA history took place on January 6, 1951. The Indianapolis Olympians played the Rochester Royals in regular time and then six more overtimes. By modern basketball standards, the score for 78 minutes of playing time is simply ridiculous - 75:73. The explanation for this is that at that time there was no time limit for the attack (now it has 24 seconds, and the ring must be touched, or the ball is passed to the opponent), and the opponents simply did not want to attack so as not to risk it.

In fact, for a fan who attends a match live at the stadium, it can last from 2.5 to 5-6 hours. Therefore, for a full-fledged trip to basketball, it is worth allocating a whole day.

Basketball is full of attacks, on average they last from 5 to 24 seconds, and almost every one ends with some kind of active effective action - a throw, a foul, an interception. This is very popular with the audience, and keeps them in suspense. Tall players throw spectacular shots from above, snipers attack the basket from afar, or in beautiful passes - the variability of attack in basketball is very high.

That's why TV companies love basketball so much, it's great in terms of advertising in the breaks. He has great ratings, often no worse than American football or baseball, the undisputed leaders of the US sports media market.

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How long is a basketball game | How long is a game and a quarter in basketball

How long is a basketball game?

In any sport, there is a moment when players take a short break, allowing teams to rest and also regroup their game. It is this moment that the timeout expression is considered to be. In some games it lasts 2-3 minutes, and in more contact games like basketball up to 5 minutes.

What is a time-out in basketball?

Time-out is a short pause used by coaches or match officials. Coaches use such a tool to adjust the strategy of the game, as well as to allow the players to take a break. Moreover, not only the coach, but also their assistants can take time-outs by showing the referee a certain hand gesture in the form of palms that are straightened on both hands, making the letter “T”. It is used by judges in case of technical interference, for example, lighting has stopped working, etc.

It is not mandated by the rules to grant a timeout immediately, as there is a specified duration of timeouts. The game should be stopped at the moment when the referee shows a special gesture to all players of both teams. Despite the fact that the timeout is fleeting, such a tactical move cannot be underestimated. There are many cases in history when, with the help of a time-out, it was possible to turn the game around, determining the winner at the end of the match.

Timeout cases

If we talk about a pause in the game, then it is stipulated by the rules, and can be granted in the following cases:

  1. The ball lies “tight”, the coach and the referees managed to discuss the points related to the timeout. For example, when the ball was scored in the basket (ring).
  2. At the time of the free throw.
  3. The right is granted to the team that missed the attack of the opponents.

While the ball is in play, the requested time-out will not be granted to the team. This position was specifically designed to avoid disrupting the most potential game attacks.

How long does it take?

If we talk about the duration of the break, it all depends on the league, under the auspices of which it takes place. That is why the break can last in different ways.

  • In FIBA ​​matches, the break lasts one minute.
  • Student leagues have 6 breaks, 4 of which last no more than 75 seconds and another 2 of 30 seconds (if the games are not shown on TV).
  • Only 4 breaks can be taken at the time of showing student matches on digital TV, one of which is 60 seconds, and three more 30 seconds.
  • In school tournaments, coaches may request three breaks of 60 seconds and 2 of 30.

The most difficult time-out report is considered if the match is held under the auspices of the NBA, because:

  • there are pauses of 20 seconds in the first half;
  • for the entire match, you can apply 6 so-called “minute freezes” for 60 seconds;
  • the first and third (odd) quarters have two breaks of 100 seconds each;
  • second and fourth (even quarters) 3 timeouts of 100 seconds.

How much can you do?

If matches among professional players are held under the auspices of the IBF (International Basketball Federation) and the EBF (European Basketball Federation), then the coach of either team will be able to require 6 pauses. The same rules apply to matches held during the Olympiad. Some popular championships also use this rule. If we talk about CA (student association) games, then up to 6 breaks can also be used. Breaks for violations do not count. And this also applies to national competitions.

When broadcasting matches on television, they can be reduced to 5 per match. Commercial breaks and fouls are not taken into account - thus, players have additional moments to rest at the time of the advertisement. If there are school-level competitions, then no more than 5 time-outs per game can be taken.

In the NBA, up to 18 timeouts can be taken per game. At the same time, in those matches where there are commercial breaks, the number was “cut down” to 14 pieces. All this was influenced by the complaints of the audience, which, due to all the interruptions - advertising and requested, the game becomes less spectacular, as well as protracted. And if there is overtime in the match, then the task of watching the match to the end becomes much more difficult.

Speaking about women's basketball, the breaks in them are the same as for men, with the same number of breaks.

General time-out rules

A time-out may be granted to a team if the coach or assistant coach has made a certain gesture to the referee, after which the referee responds with a whistle and a reverse signal. At the moment of pause, each player is given the opportunity to sit down and rest. Coaches are also allowed to appoint game substitutions, regardless of the points scored.

The seated may get up from the bench at the time of the break and enter the court. The rule is valid as long as they are close to the line of sight of the bench.

After the pause ends - the referee blows his whistle and the main part of the teams must return to the field to continue the game. Unlike breaks between quarters, when the game starts with a throw-in, the team that was supposed to continue the attack enters the game.

It is these game rules that exist to make it more comfortable for players to play.

Conclusion

How can you understand the rules and procedures for a time-out in basketball is much more interesting and confusing than in football or any other sport. No other sport has such a large number of game breaks. A sufficient amount of playing time is allocated for breaks, especially when it comes to matches held under the auspices of the National Basketball Association. But in modern realities, this is a forced necessity, first of all, to ensure the safety of athletes.

For example, if you compare basketball with bandy, then there is one break per team assigned with a duration of exactly 60 seconds. In addition, you can take a break there only at the moment when the player is in possession of the ball, and at the moment of the pause itself, the players should not leave the field, since the coach should address them from the bench.


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