NCAA basketball games are divided into two 20-minute halves, with five minute overtime periods following if the score is tied at the end of regulation. Each foul committed on the floor is counted against an individual player and against the offending team, according to the rules of the game. A player can ultimately be punished by being removed from the game with too many personal fouls (five), while the type and number of free throws being shot after a foul can depend on the number of team fouls. The personal-foul count applies to the entire game, whereas the team fouls are reset at halftime.
Types of Fouls
Regulation basketball games have a number of different types of fouls: common fouls, technical fouls, intentional fouls, and flagrant fouls.
1. Common fouls: A common foul is also called a personal foul, and they are committed in the flow of the game by one player against another. Some examples are reach-in fouls, blocking fouls, and moving screens.
2. Technical fouls: A technical foul is usually committed outside the flow of the game. Direct technical fouls can include things like an unsportsmanlike conduct or arguing with an official, while an indirect technical foul is called due to a major infraction of the rules, such as trying to call a timeout when a team has none remaining.
3. Intentional fouls: An intentional foul is contact against a player with or without the ball that is deemed unnecessary by the officials.
4. Flagrant fouls: A flagrant foul is contact against a player with or without the ball that is deemed unnecessary by the officials, and is excessive in force. Players are given either a Flagrant 1 or Flagrant 2 depending on the severity of the foul, and both cases result in different penalties.
First Six Fouls
The first six team fouls in each half are treated differently than those that follow after a team hits seven team fouls.
A player who is fouled in the act of shooting the basketball at any time in the game is awarded two free throws, or three if he is behind the three-point-line
A non-shooting foul that is committed before a team reaches seven team fouls results in the team that was fouled taking the ball out of bounds
Technical fouls, intentional fouls and flagrant fouls always send a team to the free throw line for two shots
The Bonus
The seventh team foul in either half in a game earns the opposing team the right to shoot free throws, regardless of whether the foul was committed against a player who was shooting or not.
When a team commits its seventh, eighth and ninth fouls in either half, the other team shoots a one-and-one, meaning that if the player makes the first free throw, they shoot another; however, if they miss the first free throw, the ball is live off of the rim
The double bonus kicks in on the 10th foul of the half. Once that happens, each subsequent foul by that team results in two free throws for the opposing team
NCAA Basketball Foul Rules - SportsRec
The NCAA, or National Collegiate Athletic Association, is responsible for setting the rules of for all college sports, including basketball. The rules of basketball specify what actions constitute a foul, the different types of fouls that can be committed and the penalties for fouls. In addition, there are guidelines for disqualifying a player for the remainder of that particular game.
Types of Fouls
Personal fouls are the most common in basketball. These are called on players for violations such as pushing, holding or striking an opponent during the course of play. Technical fouls usually result from unsportsmanlike conduct, such as arguing calls with officials or actions demeaning opposing players. However, technical fouls also can result from violations of game rules, such as wearing an illegal jersey or illegal equipment. A flagrant technical foul occurs when a player commits a gross violation such as fighting, returning to the game after being disqualified or excessively contacting a player after the ball is dead.
Foul Limits
In NCAA basketball, each player is allowed five personal fouls before being disqualified from the game. Technical fouls also count toward the personal foul limit unless it is an administrative technical foul for issues such as an illegal jersey. For example, if a player has committed one technical foul and four personal fouls, she is disqualified for the remainder of the game. In addition, if any player receives two technical fouls during a game, he is disqualified. A player is ejected from the game if she receives one flagrant technical foul.
Personal Foul Penalties
The penalty for a personal foul depends on whether the player was in the act of shooting and how many fouls the offending team has committed in the half. If the player was in the act of shooting and misses while being fouled, the player shoots two or three free throws, depending on whether the player took a two-point or three-point shot. If the fouled player makes the shot, he receives one free throw regardless of where he took the shot. If the player was not shooting, her team gets possession of the ball out of bounds unless the fouling team has committed seven or more fouls in the half. If the foul is the team's seventh, eighth or ninth foul of the half, the fouled player gets a one-and-one free throw opportunity. If the player makes the first free throw, she gets a second. If she misses the first free throw, the ball is live and play continues. If the foul is the team's 10th foul or more, the fouled player receives two free throws.
Technical Foul Penalties
When a technical foul is assessed, the offended team receives two free throws and the ball is put back in play where it was when play was stopped. For example, if team A has the ball and team B's coach gets a technical foul for arguing a call, team A would get two free throws and then would get the ball because it had possession when play was stopped. For a flagrant technical foul, the offended team gets two free throws and the ball, regardless of who had possession at the time of the foul.
How many basketball fouls to remove?
Our site presents the seventh edition of the Basketball language rubric. In it, we talk about basketball terms - borrowed words, specific expressions and jargon - the language that all participants and fans of the game speak. Each word is accompanied by a video tutorial with illustrative examples. We bring to your attention the seventh series of the Basketball Language project, in which we will analyze in detail four terms: unsportsmanlike foul, technical foul, zone and personal defense. Unsportsmanlike foul An unsportsmanlike foul is a personal charge against a player who, in the opinion of the referee, did not legally attempt to play the ball directly in accordance with the rules. An unsportsmanlike foul is called on the offender and a free throw(s) is awarded to the opposing team, after which the ball is passed to that team for a midfield throw-in. Generally, unsportsmanlike fouls are called for gross infractions that could result in injury to a player, as well as deliberate fouls in situations where the attacking side is highly likely to hit the ring. So, for example, a similar punishment follows when trying to disrupt fast attacks, if the player who violates the rules is the last defender on the way to the ring.
Technical foul A technical foul is a foul not caused by contact with an opponent. Called for unsportsmanlike behavior: disrespectful treatment of opponent players, referees or match commissioner, insulting or provocative gestures, delaying the game, entering the playing court without the referee's permission. A technical foul is called on the offender and a free throw(s) is awarded to the opposing team, after which the ball is passed to that team for a throw-in from the middle of the court. Due to the similarity of penalties, technical and unsportsmanlike fouls are often confused. It should be remembered that an unsportsmanlike foul is punished only by players and only for game violations. Technical fouls can be received both by basketball players on the court and by representatives of the bench. They are associated with non-playing moments and can be recorded both at the time when the ball is “live” and when it is “dead”.
Man on man defense and zone defense There are several different types of defense in basketball. The most popular of these is personal (personal) protection. When using it, each of the defending players takes care of one opponent attached specifically to him. Usually they try to disassemble opponents according to their position. This is how centers defend against centers, heavy forwards defend against heavy forwards, and so on.
The second most popular defense system is zone defense. Its essence lies in the fact that each player must defend within a certain zone on the site, and not against a specific player, as in personal defense. This type of defense has both its pros and cons. It allows you to save strength, hides the lack of athleticism and allows you to quickly move from defense to attack. On the other hand, zone defense requires high coordination and is ineffective against teams with a large number of snipers. The cons of using it often outweigh the pros. Therefore, in modern basketball, zone defense is used most often on a short-term basis as a temporary or reserve option.
In basketball, infractions caused by personal contact or unsportsmanlike conduct are called fouls. The following types of fouls exist:
· personal - committed as a result of personal contact;
technical - not caused by contact with an opponent, may be the result of disrespect for the referees, an opponent, game delays, procedural violations;
· unsportsmanlike - is made as a result of contact in which the player did not try to play the ball within the rules;
· disqualifying - caused by flagrant unsportsmanlike conduct.
A player who has received 5 fouls in a match (6 fouls in the NBA) must leave the playing court. He cannot take part in the match, but he has the right to remain on the bench. After receiving a disqualifying foul, the player must leave the playing court without the right to remain on the bench.
A foul may also be received by a coach, a team official or a player on the bench. Each foul counts as a team foul, except for a technical foul received by a coach, a team official or a player on the bench.
Basketball fouls
A foul is an infraction of the rules of the game caused by a player's personal contact or unsportsmanlike behaviour.
Types of fouls: - personal; - technical; - unsportsmanlike; - disqualifying. If a player has received five fouls during the game, he must leave the playing court and may not take part in further play (but he is allowed to remain on the bench until the end of the game). A player who has received a disqualifying foul must leave the venue without fail (he is not allowed to even be on the bench). The team coach is also disqualified in the following cases: - if he commits two technical fouls; - A substitute or team official committed three technical fouls; - The team coach commits one technical foul and a team official or substitute commits two technical fouls. Each foul counts towards the team foul count, except for technical fouls that have been received by a team coach, bench player or team official. A personal foul is a foul that a player receives as a result of personal contact during a game. Penalty: If the foul is committed on a player who is not in the throwing phase, then: - If the team has not yet accumulated 5 team fouls or is committed by a player whose team was in possession of the ball, then the affected team administers a throw-in; - Otherwise, the injured player shoots two free throws. If a foul is committed on a player who is in the throwing phase then: - if the throw was effective, then it is counted, and the injured player performs one free throw; - If the throw was unsuccessful, then the player who was injured performs as many free throws as the team would have earned if the throw was successful. An unsportsmanlike foul is a foul that occurs as a result of contact where the player did not attempt to play the ball as required by the Laws of the Game. Penalty: If a foul is committed on a player who is in the throwing phase, then proceed as in the case of a personal foul. In the event that a foul is committed on a player who is not in the throwing stage, then the player who is injured performs two free throws. After free throws have been taken, the injured team shall take a throw-in at the center line extended. The exception is fouls that were committed before the start of the first period. In this case, after the execution of free throws, a jump ball is played (as in the cases of the beginning of the game). If two unsportsmanlike fouls are committed by one player during one match, then he will be disqualified without fail. A disqualifying foul is a foul that results from flagrant unsportsmanlike conduct by a player. A disqualifying foul can be received by the main team players and substitutes, the coach, as well as the official representative of the team. Penalty: The number of free throws and the subsequent throw-in after them are awarded in the same way as for an unsportsmanlike foul. A technical foul is a foul that is called without direct contact with an opponent. This may be disdainful behavior towards referees, opponents, deliberate delay of the game, as well as violations of a procedural nature. Penalty: Two free throws are scored by any player from the team that did not violate the rules of the game. The throw-in is administered in the same manner as an unsportsmanlike foul, after free throws have been executed by the injured side.
Basketball fouls
fouls
A foul is an infraction of the rules caused by personal contact or unsportsmanlike conduct. Foul types: personal; technical; unsportsmanlike; disqualifying.
A player who receives 5 fouls (6 fouls in the NBA) in a match must leave the playing court and may not take part in the match (but is allowed to remain on the bench). A player who receives a disqualifying foul must leave the match venue (the player is not allowed to remain on the bench).
The coach is disqualified if: he commits 2 technical fouls; a team official or substitute commits 3 technical fouls; The coach commits 1 technical foul and a team official or substitute commits 2 technical fouls.
Each foul counts as a team foul, except for a technical foul by a coach, team official or bench player.
Personal foul - a foul due to personal contact.
Punishment:
If the foul is committed on a player not in the throwing phase then: if a team does not score 5 team fouls or the foul is committed by a player whose team was in possession of the ball, the affected team shall take a throw-in; otherwise the injured player takes 2 free throws;
If the foul is committed on a player in the throwing phase then: if the throw was successful, it counts and the injured player takes 1 free throw; if the throw was unsuccessful, then the injured player takes as many free throws as the team would have scored had the throw been successful.
An unsportsmanlike foul is a foul committed as a result of contact in which the player did not attempt to play the ball within the rules.
Punishment:
If the foul is committed on a player in the throwing phase, proceed as in the case of a personal foul. If the foul is committed on a player who is not in the throwing stage, then the injured player takes 2 throws. After free throws, the ball is thrown in by the injured team from outside the area on the extension of the center line. The exception is fouls committed before the start of the first period. In this case, after the free throws, a jump ball is played (as in the case of a normal start of the game). If a player commits 2 unsportsmanlike fouls in one match, he shall be disqualified.
A disqualifying foul is a foul due to flagrant unsportsmanlike conduct. A disqualifying foul may be received by a player, substitute, coach or team official.
Punishment:
The number of free throws and the throw-in after them are charged in the same way as an unsportsmanlike foul.
Once that happens, each subsequent foul by that team results in two free throws for the opposing team
A flagrant technical foul occurs when a player commits a gross violation such as fighting, returning to the game after being disqualified or excessively contacting a player after the ball is dead.
If the fouled player makes the shot, he receives one free throw regardless of where he took the shot. If the player was not shooting, her team gets possession of the ball out of bounds unless the fouling team has committed seven or more fouls in the half. If the foul is the team's seventh, eighth or ninth foul of the half, the fouled player gets a one-and-one free throw opportunity. If the player makes the first free throw, she gets a second. If she misses the first free throw, the ball is live and play continues. If the foul is the team's 10th foul or more, the fouled player receives two free throws.
For a flagrant technical foul, the offended team gets two free throws and the ball, regardless of who had possession at the time of the foul.
It should be remembered that an unsportsmanlike foul is punished only by players and only for game violations. Technical fouls can be received both by basketball players on the court and by representatives of the bench. They are associated with non-playing moments and can be recorded both at the time when the ball is “live” and when it is “dead”. 
Its essence lies in the fact that each player must defend within a certain zone on the site, and not against a specific player, as in personal defense. This type of defense has both its pros and cons. It allows you to save strength, hides the lack of athleticism and allows you to quickly move from defense to attack. On the other hand, zone defense requires high coordination and is ineffective against teams with a large number of snipers. The cons of using it often outweigh the pros. Therefore, in modern basketball, zone defense is used most often on a short-term basis as a temporary or reserve option. 
A player who receives a disqualifying foul must leave the match venue (the player is not allowed to remain on the bench). 
