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Youth Guidelines – Rules and Standards

Youth Guidelines – Rules and Standards


Jump to: Rules & Standards || Equipment & Court Specifications || Game Structure || Game Tactics || Highlighted Game Play Rules || Full Recommendation by Age Segment

ABOUT

Basketball is a great game that is played by millions of young people in the United States and around the world. Playing basketball fosters the development of peer relationships, self-esteem, leadership qualities, and physical health.

To date, however, the sport of basketball has lacked guidelines around health and wellness and consistent game play standards. To help foster player health, age- and stage-appropriate skill development, and a positive and enjoyable on-court experience for young people, the NBA and USA Basketball have developed a set of rules and standards to enhance the playing experience for young athletes.  

These guidelines aim to combat the overemphasis on early competitive success and the lack of a clear development pathway through the sport – two issues that exist across youth sports, including basketball.

The NBA and USA Basketball are committed to helping shape a youth basketball environment that prioritizes the health and well-being of young athletes and promotes their enjoyment and development in the game.

RULES & STANDARDS

Basketball is played in countless settings and locations across the U.S. –  and though the game remains fundamentally the same, there are many variables that can impact a young player’s experience.  USA Basketball and the NBA want all players to enjoy the game and have a fun, developmentally appropriate experience.

Parents and coaches frequently ask certain questions, especially when their kids are young:

  • How high should we set the basket?
  • What size ball should we use?
  • Should we play zone defense?

These are important questions, and we understand that playing with the correct equipment and establishing age-appropriate rules significantly impacts the experience for youth as they learn the game.   Therefore, the NBA and USA Basketball have established detailed guidelines to help young players develop at a natural pace that is suitable to their age and physiological abilities. 

Rules and Standards Elements

USA Basketball and the NBA have worked closely with an expert working group on Playing Standards to develop age- and stage-appropriate rules and standards for youth basketball.  Aligning with the Player Segmentation Model, these guidelines will help young players appropriately learn the fundamentals of the game, achieve and maintain early success, and provide enhanced long-term development.  

The rules and standards address four key areas:

  • Equipment & Court Specifications (e.g., proper height of the basket, size of the ball, and court dimensions and lines).
  • Game Structure (e.g., length of the game, scoring and timeouts).
  • Game Tactics (e. g., equal playing time, player-to-player vs. zone defense, pressing vs. no pressing).
  • Game Play Rules (e.g., use of a shot clock, substitutions, clock stoppage).

Rules and Standards Charts

See below for detailed rules and standards information.  Please keep in mind:

  • The playing rules and standards below are to serve as guidelines and recommendations for those administering basketball competitions.
  • USA Basketball and the NBA have adopted FIBA (International Basketball Federation) rules for the grades 9-12 age- segment and created progressive sets of rules and standards for younger age segments (ages 14 and under).  Where a specific rule or standard is not explicitly indicated, the recommendation is to follow official FIBA rules.
  • USA Basketball and the NBA will utilize these playing rules and standards in all events and competitions they may host.

*We understand that organizations and facilities may not always be able to accommodate all recommendations and that modifications will need to be made in certain instances due to practical limitations (e. g., inability to raise or lower the height of a basket, re-draw court lines, or not having a shot clock).

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EQUIPMENT AND COURT SPECIFICATIONS

Playing Segment

Size of Ball

Height of Basket

Size of Court

Distance of 3-Point Arc

Distance of Free-Throw Line

Ages 7-8

Boys and Girls size 5 (27.5”)

8’

50’x42’

Not applicable

14’

Ages 9-11

Boys and Girls size 6 (28. 5”)

9’

74’x50’

Not applicable

14’

Ages 12-14

Girls size 6 (28.5”) Boys size 7 (29.5”)

10’

84’x50’ or 94’x50’

19’9”

15’

Grades 9-12

Girls size 6 (28.5”) Boys size 7 (29. 5”)            

10’

94’x50’

22’2” or the next available line under 22’2”

15’


Note: 3-on-3 half-court play is also recommended for young players to foster enhanced participation and development.

RATIONALE

Distance of 3-Point Arc: For 7-8 and 9-11 year-olds, although the 3-point arc may exist on the floor, all baskets made beyond this arc only count as two points. Therefore, the distance of the line is not applicable for these age segments. Eliminating the 3-point basket at these age segments will encourage players to shoot from within a developmentally-appropriate range.  For 9th-12th graders, a 22’2” arc is preferred, but if this line is not on a court the next available line under 22’2” is recommended.

Distance of Free-Throw Line: 7-8 and 9-11 year-olds should take free throws 14 feet from the basket to develop proper form and increase success.

Height of Basket: Utilizing a lower basket height for 7-8 and 9-11 year-olds allows children to develop proper shooting form and increases the opportunity for shooting success.

Scoring: All field goals for 7-8 and 9-11 year-olds are worth two points to encourage children to shoot within a developmentally-appropriate range. This allows for proper mechanics and form. While these age segments may attempt a shot behind the 3-point arc, any field goal made behind the arc will only count as two points.

Size of Ball: A smaller basketball for the younger age segments is advised due to the size of a child’s hand as well as their developing skill level. A smaller ball allows for better control and success.

Size of Court: For 7-8 year-olds, a 50’x 42’ court is contemplated to be a cross-court game on a full-sized basketball court. This dimension is more appropriate for younger children based on their relative size in space.

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GAME STRUCTURE


Playing Segment

Game Length

Time Between Periods

Extra Period(s)

Scoring

Timeouts

 Start of Game Possession

Ages 7-8

Four 8-minute periods

1 minute

2 minutes

Free throw: 1 point

All field goals: 2 points

No 3-point field goals

  • Two 60-second timeouts permitted in the first half of play.   Two 60-second timeouts permitted in the second half of play
  • One 60-second timeout granted for each extra period
  • Unused timeouts may not carry over to the next half or into extra periods

Coin flip.  Team awarded possession starts with throw-in at half court

Ages 9-11

 Four 8-minute periods

1 minute

2 minutes

Free throw: 1 point

All field goals: 2 points

No 3-point field goals

  • Two 60-second timeouts permitted in the first half of play.   Two 60-second timeouts permitted in the second half of play
  • One 60-second timeout granted for each extra period
  • Unused timeouts may not carry over to the next half or into extra periods

Coin flip.  Team awarded possession starts with throw-in at half court

Ages 12-14

Four 8-minute periods

1 minute

4 minutes

Free throw: 1 point

All field goals: 2 points

Field goal outside of 3-point arc: 3 points

  • Two 60-second timeouts permitted in the first half of play.   Three 60-second timeouts permitted in the second half of play
  • Maximum of 2 timeouts permitted in the final 2 minutes of the fourth period
  • One 60-second timeout granted for each extra period
  • Unused timeouts may not carry over to the next half or into extra periods

Jump ball

Grades 9-12

Four 10-minute periods

2 minutes

5 minutes

Free throw: 1 point

All field goals: 2 points

Field goal outside of 3-point arc: 3 points

  • Two 60-second timeouts permitted in the first half of play.   Three 60-second timeouts permitted in the second half of play
  • Maximum of 2 timeouts permitted in the final 2 minutes of the fourth period
  • One 60-second timeout granted for each extra period
  • Unused timeouts may not carry over to the next half or into extra periods

Jump ball


RATIONALE

Start of Game Possession: For 7-8 and 9-11 year-olds, a coin flip will determine the team that will start with the ball to mitigate significant differences in height and coordination among children. Alternating possession rules will then ensue throughout the game.

Timeouts: Managing the way timeouts are called allows for better game flow and decision-making by the player(s).

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GAME TACTICS

Playing Segment

Playing Time

Set Defense

Pressing Defense

Double-Team/Crowding

Stealing from the Dribbler

Ages 7-8

Equal playing time

Only player-to-player defense throughout the competition

Pressing is not allowed throughout the competition

Double-team/crowding is not allowed throughout the competition

Stealing from a dribbler is not allowed throughout the competition

Ages 9-11

Equal playing time in periods 1-3. Coaches discretion in the fourth period and each extra period

Only player-to-player defense throughout the competition

Player-to-player defense may be extended full court in the fourth period and each extra period

Leading team may not extend the defense over half court when leading by 25 points or more

Double-team/crowding is not allowed throughout the competition

Coaches discretion throughout the competition

Ages 12-14

Coaches discretion throughout the competition

All allowed throughout the competition at coaches discretion

Pressing allowed throughout the competition

Leading team may not press when leading by 25 points or more

Allowed throughout the competition at coaches discretion

Coaches discretion throughout the competition

Grades 9-12

Coaches discretion throughout the competition

All allowed throughout the competition at coaches discretion

Pressing allowed throughout the competition

Allowed throughout the competition at coaches discretion

Coaches discretion throughout the competition

Definitions:

  • Player-to-Player Defense –
    • Each player is responsible for guarding and moving with one offensive player.   This requires the defensive player to move according to the offensive player’s movements with or without the ball.
    • The defensive player must stay on the same side of the court as the offensive player, divided by the rim line.
    • If an offensive player with the ball advances past their defensive player, another defender may rotate to guard that offensive player.
  • Pressing Defense – Defensive guarding, either on or off the ball, within the backcourt.
  • Double-Team/Crowding – Two or more defensive players guarding a single offensive player
RATIONALE

Double-Team/Crowding: Crowding the ball with multiple players (referred to as “double-teaming”) is not allowed for 7-8 or 9-11 year-olds due to skill and size discrepancies among children at these ages. Crowding is allowed for 12-14 year-olds and older to remain consistent with pressing defense standards.

Playing Time: To ensure that all young children participating in the sport have an opportunity to experience the game, equal and fair playing time is recommended for 7-8 year-olds.  For 9-11 year-olds, equal playing time is recommended for periods 1-3, while allowing coaches discretion in the fourth and extra periods. Equal and fair playing time is encouraged throughout all segments.

Pressing Defense: Pressing defense is prohibited for 7-8 year-olds to help children develop principles of movement with and without the ball in a half-court setting. For 9-11 year-olds, permitting player-to-player defense to extend full-court in the fourth and extra periods allows players to become accustomed to full-court defense while not having to understand sophisticated zone presses.  It also allows for an introduction to competitive tactics.

Set Defense: The player-to-player requirement for 7-8 and 9-11 year-olds encourages physical activity and movement, and promotes the development of individual skill related to guarding a player both on and off the ball.

Stealing from the Dribbler: At ages 7-8, players are not allowed to steal the ball from an active dribbler.  This allows ball-handlers to develop dribbling skills and confidence with the basketball.

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HIGHLIGHTED GAME PLAY RULES

 

Playing Segment

Backcourt Timeline

Shot Clock

5 Seconds Closely Guarded

Clock Stoppage

Ages 7-8

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

On any dead ball

Ages 9-11

10 seconds

Not applicable

 

Only when the offensive player is holding the basketball

On any dead ball

Ages 12-14

10 seconds

30 seconds

  • Full 30 second reset on offensive and defensive rebounds 
  • Full 30 second reset on any foul

Only when the offensive player is holding the basketball

  • On any dead ball
  • After a made field goal in the last 2 minutes of the fourth period and in each extra period

Grades 9-12

8 seconds

24 seconds

  • 14 second reset for offensive rebound
  • Full 24 second reset for fouls committed in the backcourt
  • If a foul is committed in the frontcourt and the shot clock is above 14 seconds, there will be no reset and the clock will continue from the time it was stopped
  • If a foul is committed in the frontcourt and the shot clock is under 14 seconds, it shall be reset to 14 seconds

Only when the offensive player is holding the basketball

  • On any dead ball
  • After a made field goal in the last 2 minutes of the fourth period and in each extra period

RATIONALE

Backcourt Timeline: Not having a timeline violation for 7-8 year-olds allows coaches to communicate to players before they reach half court. This assists coaches in teaching children, particularly for those first learning the game. The progression to 10 seconds for 9-11 and 12-14 year-olds, and later to eight seconds for Grades 9-12, allows the game to flow while developing skills such as ball-handling, passing and decision-making.

Clock Stoppage: Stopping the clock following a made basket within the last two minutes of the fourth period and any extra periods for 12-14 year-olds and 9th-12th graders allows for additional strategic decision-making. Fewer clock stoppages for 7-8 and 9-11 year-olds allows for a better game flow.

Shot Clock: The 30-second shot clock for 12-14 year-olds, along with the 24-second shot clock for 9th-12th graders, allows for more possessions for each team, better game flow and places decision-making elements in the hands of players.

 

HIGHLIGHTED GAME PLAY RULES CONTINUED

Playing Segment

Length of Time for a Free Throw

Number of Players Permitted on Free-Throw Lane

Substitutions

Advancement of Ball after a Timeout

Ages 7-8

10 seconds

Offense may have 3 players on the lane, including the shooter

Defense may have 3 players on the lane

Either team may substitute when the clock is stopped

Not applicable

Ages 9-11

10 seconds

Offense may have 3 players on the lane, including the shooter

Defense may have 3 players on the lane

Either team may substitute when the clock is stopped

Not applicable

Ages 12-14

8 seconds

Offense may have 3 players on the lane, including the shooter

Defense may have 3 players on the lane

  • Either team may substitute on any dead ball
  • Either team may substitute before the first free throw attempt or after the last free throw if made
  • A non-scoring team may substitute after any field goal scored in the last 2 minutes of the fourth period and each extra period.   If the non-scoring team substitutes, the scoring team may also substitute

In the last 2 minutes of the fourth period and each extra period following a timeout, the ball will be inbounded from the offensive team’s frontcourt opposite the scorer’s table

Grades 9-12

5 seconds

Offense may have 3 players on the lane, including the shooter

Defense may have 3 players on the lane

  • Either team may substitute on any dead ball
  • Either team may substitute before the first free throw attempt or after the last free throw if made
  • A non-scoring team may substitute after any field goal scored in the last 2 minutes of the fourth period and each extra period.   If the non-scoring team substitutes, the scoring team may also substitute

In the last 2 minutes of the fourth period and each extra period following a timeout, the ball will be inbounded from the offensive team’s frontcourt opposite the scorer’s table


RATIONALE

Advancement of the Ball after a Timeout: For 7-8 year olds, the focus is on development over strategy. Therefore, there is no pressing defense at this level, and the ball will not automatically advance after a timeout. Similarly, the ball does not advance after a timeout for 9-11 year olds because the focus remains on development over strategy.

Back to top.

To see the full recommendations by age segment, see the links below.

  •   Ages 7-8 (PDF document)
  •   Ages 9-11 (PDF document)
  •   Ages 12-14 (PDF document)
  •   Grades 9-12 (PDF document)

 

Back to top.

How Long Is A Basketball Game? (All Levels Answered)

Whether you’re an excited fan ready to go see your favorite team or a concerned parent worried that you may not be able to make it to your kids basketball game...

You’re probably wondering, "exactly how long is a basketball game?"

In this post we’ll go over the average length of a game in all the different levels of basketball, including the youth leagues, high school, college, FIBA and finally the NBA.

Let’s jump right into it!

Table of Contents

How Long is a Youth Basketball Game?

How Long is a High School Basketball Game?

How Long is a College Basketball Game?

How Long is an NBA Game?

How Long is a WNBA Game?

How Long is a FIBA Game?

How Long is a Youth Basketball Game?

Youth basketball leagues around the world run their games slightly differently from one another.

The most common game length is four 8-minute quarters.

While that may seem like a large amount of time for young basketball players, most leagues run the clock continuously, with the only stoppage being from timeouts and the end of the quarter.

There’s also a quick five-minute break after the second quarter for half time.

How Long is a High School Basketball Game?

Surprisingly enough, high school basketball games are pretty similar to youth games.

They have four quarters that are all 8-minutes long, with the total game time lasting approximately 1.5 hours.

(Junior varsity games tend to be a little different than that. They are still four quarters, but each quarter consists of only six minutes instead of eight which ends up making games about twenty minutes quicker.)

High school coaches are given 5 timeouts... 3x full timeouts and 2x 30-second timeouts.

The actual length of the game varies depending on how close the score is, the number of fouls called, and how many timeouts were used.

Most high schools also have the mercy rule implemented, which turns the standard game clock into a constant running clock if one team jumps out to a large lead.

There are some states that keep the mercy rule at around 30 points while others have it higher. 

If the mercy rule gets activated and the running clock starts, the game is going to finish much quicker than if the clock stopped often throughout the game.

How Long is a College Basketball Game?

The NCAA sets college basketball games at 40 minutes for both the men’s and women’s leagues.

Women’s NCAA basketball games are broken down into 4x 10-minute quarters and games often last around 2 hours in total time. 

Men’s NCAA basketball games are broken down into 2x 20-minute halves and often last between 2 and 2. 5 hours total.

The main reason for the increased overall time from men’s to women’s is that halves give the teams more time to rack up fouls and put the opposing team in the bonus.

Free throws are intuitively time-consuming as the game clock is stopped and can sometimes drastically extend the length of the game. 

When halves are played, there’s more time for a team to reach the 7-foul threshold, making for a slower end to each half.

The NCAA has a :30-second shot clock and has recently implemented video replay which can extend the time due to how long the replay takes.

How Long is an NBA Game?

Now we’re up to the professional leagues...

NBA games have 4x 12-minute quarters totaling 48-minutes, with 5-minute overtimes if needed.

The entire event can take between 2 - 3 hours.

The length of any single contest can be impacted by numerous factors, such as pace of play, total fouls called, in-game reviews, timeouts, and the potential of overtime.  

Due to the NBA’s popularity, media drives some aspects of the game, meaning a longer half-time (15-minutes), and additional media timeouts.

Each team is given a total of 7 timeouts, each 1:15-seconds in length, to use throughout the game, which definitely adds to the overall length of the game.

In recent years, the addition of video replay has also had a huge impact on the length of the game, especially the last couple of minutes.

Fun Fact: The longest NBA game ever was played on January 6th, 1951 as the Indianapolis Olympians beat Rochester Royals. This game went an incredible 6 overtimes with a total of 78-minutes of actual game time played. Surprisingly, the total score of the game was only 75-73, what a different NBA it was in 1951.

How Long is a WNBA Game?

WNBA games have 4x 10-minute quarters totaling 40-minutes, with 5-minute overtimes if needed.

Besides the length of the quarters, the WNBA and NBA have many similarities in their rule structure, especially in the length of games.  

The shot clock in the WNBA is also set at 24-seconds and halftime is 15-minutes as well.

WNBA games take around 2-hours to complete given the shortened quarter length.

How Long is a FIBA Game?

Similar to the WNBA...

FIBA games have 4x 10-minute quarters totaling 40-minutes, with 5-minute overtimes if needed.

As it pertains to real time, these games usually take about two hours to finish up.

They do have a standard 24-second shot clock to keep the game moving at all times along with a halftime break of 15-minutes between the second and third quarters of action.

They are only allowed five timeouts throughout the game, a little less compared to other leagues around the world which contributes to the quicker games.

Conclusion

As you can see, many variables play a role in determining the length of a basketball game.

Youth players might just spend a total of 32-minutes on the court (with a continuous clock), while the NBA stretches the time all the way out to 48-minutes per game.

Those wondering, "how long is a basketball game?" now have their question answered!

what is it, how long does it take, timeout definition

Danila Chezhin

Basketball is a game of jerking. The team that succeeds in the decisive breakthrough wins the match. It is clear that it is impossible to control the dynamics of the game before it starts - the coaching staff is forced to respond to the opponents' actions directly during the meeting. The influence of coaches on the game is provided by breaks. But not only between quarters and halves. In the course of the game segments, mentors can also stop the match by taking a timeout.

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What is a time out in basketball?

Time-out - a time-limited break during which changes in tactics can be made, influencing what happens on the court. A team coach can request a time-out by showing the match referee a characteristic gesture - the letter T, the fingers of one hand point up, and the fingers of the other hand are perpendicular to them.

The referee confirms the coaching request with a whistle and the same “T” gesture. After confirmation, the match time stops and the players go to their benches. During a pause, coaches, in addition to tactical permutations, have the right to make changes in the compositions. So after a timeout, completely new fives of basketball players can enter the court.

Time-out duration

In everyday life, a time-out is called a minute break. It's not hard to guess why. The length of the coaching break provided for by the classic basketball rules is one minute. In fact, however, everything is much more complicated - in modern sports, where breaks are filled with commercials, the duration of pauses is becoming less and less stable.

How long a time-out lasts in basketball depends primarily on the tournament within which the match is played. For example, in matches under the auspices of FIBA, timeouts are limited to 75 seconds. In college basketball, NCAA tournaments, the same 75 seconds for non-television games. In meetings that are broadcast on TV, the break can reach more than two minutes. In the NBA, the main professional overseas league, timeouts are 2.5 minutes.

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When can I request a time-out?

It is not possible to stop the game by requesting a timeout at any time during the match. The coach has the right to take a break only in a situation where his team is in possession of the ball. If the other team has the ball, there is no opportunity to take a break.

Exceptions are the so-called "automatic" time-outs. For example, when a player of one team or another is injured and needs medical attention. Then the decision to stop the game is taken by the referee, regardless of who controls the ball at the moment.

How many time-outs are there in basketball?

There is a limit to the number of pauses that coaches may request during a game. As with duration, the number of breaks depends on the tournament. For example, the NBA relies on 6 timeouts per team during the match - 3 for each. Moreover, coaches can use pauses when they see fit. For example, if the mentor took 1 timeout in the first half of the meeting, in the second half he can stop the game 5 times.

In FIBA-sponsored matches, on the contrary, the number of breaks is limited by playing segments - 2 timeouts in the first half, 3 timeouts in the second. So, if the team coach used 1 break in the 1st half, the remaining break does not carry over to the second half. For the 2nd half, the mentor still has the same 3 timeouts.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the time-out rules for overtime. Basketball is a sport that excludes draws. Therefore, if the main time of the match ended with an equal score, the game continues in overtime. Its duration, both in the NBA and in European competitions, is 5 minutes. For this segment, teams are entitled to two additional timeouts. Moreover, if the overtime ends with a tie, the game will continue in the second overtime. There, teams will also be able to stop the game 2 times for 5 extra minutes.

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How long is a quarter in basketball (and why?)

Last updated: September 3, 2022 / author Sandeep Bhandari / Fact verified / 4 minutes

Exact answer: 10 minutes

Basketball is one of the most popular team sports in the world. Although the sport originated in America, it has spawned various international leagues, each with its own unique set of rules.

The NBA and FIBA ​​are the most important associations in professional basketball today.

For each league, the game is played within an allotted period of time, known as hours. The clock runs when the ball is in play and stops for time-outs, fouls and free throws.

It also stops if the ball goes out of bounds. The clock restarts again when the player touches the ball on the court.

How long is a basketball quarter?

A typical basketball game consists of four quarters, each representing a phase of the game. The length of each quarter varies depending on the sports association.

Basketball rules are the same everywhere, but the clock may vary in each league. The total length of the game depends on the league.

A high school basketball game is 32 minutes long and each quarter is 8 minutes long. Professional The NBA game is longer, consisting of four 12-minute quarters.

The entire game lasts 48 minutes. The WNBA has the same time with 12-minute quarters.

In contrast, the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) has 10-minute quarters in each game. The NCAA men's college basketball game is not divided into four quarters, but into two halves.

Each half lasts 20 minutes.

The real-time quarter may be longer than planned due to timeouts and failures. Timeouts are needed to give teams time to rest.

An NBA game allows six total timeouts, including one 20 second timeout in each half. Violations and injuries can also lead to additional breaks in the game.

Between each term there are small breaks of 2 minutes, and during the break there is a longer break of about 15 minutes.

Basketball games often receive an extra five minutes in the event of a tie with overtime extended until there is a clear winner. There are no restrictions on overtime work.

However, in the NBA, the quarter is 12 minutes. This has always been the case, as the NBA believed that the 12-minute period was ideal for a spectator to enjoy a professional game.

NBA rules were originally based on college basketball. Student-level games consisted of two halves of 15-20 minutes each. The NBA agreed that the college game was too short for a paid game.

They created their own professional basketball identity by fouling the rules and setting up four 12-minute quarters.

The NBA and WNBA are the only leagues with 12-minute quarters. The Olympic Games and the Basketball World Cup follow FIBA ​​rules, limiting them to 10-minute quarters.

However, the NBA constantly influences international basketball. In the future, FIBA ​​may also introduce 12-minute quarters.

People often ask why the NBA doesn't have 15-minute quarters like the NFL does. However, an NFL game is three hours long and features different players on offense and defense.


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