How to shoot a basketball with more power

How to Develop Long Distance Basketball Shooting Range

By Jeff Haefner

Would you like to make MORE shots from farther back? Would you like to become a great 3-point shooter?

We have some very effective shooting tips for you...

When extending your range, you need to know about some surefire RIGHT and WRONG ways to get it done.

You need to be very careful because all too often players will try to extend their range and acquire some subtle, yet dead-serious shooting flaws!!

Like this article? Download it as a free PDF! (Download Now!)

The trick is to extend your range while maintaining the EXACT SAME FORM.
There are only TWO ways to increase your range:

1. INCREASE YOUR PHYSICAL STRENGTH AND POWER.
2. ADJUST YOUR SHOT MECHANICS FOR ADDITIONAL POWER.

With that said, we'll teach you exactly how to increase your range both ways. It's up to you to decide which method you choose.

Many times, it's best for players to make very small improvements in both areas.

How to increase your physical strength and power for increased range.

The most obvious answer is to start a weight training program. Increasing the strength of your entire body will help. You'll want stronger and more explosive legs, core, wrist, forearms, and triceps.

In addition, by simply practicing more, you will increase the strength of your wrists and forearms. Taking 500 shots a day will increase your strength.

Lastly, you can try using a heavy ball (twice the weight of a regulation ball) and then going back to the regulation size one. Players usually find it easy to shoot from farther out because of the contrast. Wait until at least junior high before working with an oversized or weighted ball.

If you use a weighted ball, be sure to practice away from the basket. Do form shooting with one hand. Put your guide hand in the normal position, but an inch off the ball so you're not touching it. Focus on shooting the ball high and far, but do not sacrifice good form in order to do so.

How to adjust your mechanics for additional power.

This can be tricky because changing your mechanics can throw off your shot. Big changes to your mechanics will require you to retrain your muscle memory and you'll need thousands of repetitions to retrain your muscle memory.

In most situations, it's best to make very minor adjustments to your shot delivery.

The safest way to increase shooting range

If you want to take the safest route, here's a surefire way to extend your range without sacrificing your accuracy.

Let's say you are proficient at mid-range but you want to become a great 3-point shooter...

The obvious answer is to practice. The question becomes what to practice. Shooting revolves around rhythm and form, so that is where the answer lies.

It might sound strange, but to become a better 3-point shooter, you have to practice a lot, close to the basket. Take 100's and 1000's of shots 12' from the basket. The purpose for this is to really ingrain your shooting form from an area that you can shoot comfortably and have some success. It doesn't make a difference what drills you do or how you practice it, as long as the primary thrust of the work is your form.

Once you have your form ingrained, gradually move back. If you get to a point where you feel the rhythm change or your form start to change, that is the limit of your range. Stay at that spot until your shot feels like it did at 12 feet. Once it feels comfortable again, shoot several hundred shots until it becomes automatic again.

Once it feels automatic again, start to move back until you reach the limit of your range and shoot continually from that spot. Once you feel comfortable from behind the 3-point line, you can start shooting drills that will make you more proficient.

Players struggle from behind the arc because they have to change their shot to get the ball to the basket. This not only makes the shooter inconsistent from the 3-point line, but it affects his shot from everywhere else. Remember, to be a good shooter, you have to take the same shot every time, no matter where you shoot the ball.

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How to Shoot a Basketball

You are here: Home / Basketball Training / How to Shoot a Basketball – Getting More Power on Your Shot

June 27, 2013 by Joe Lucas 1 Comment

We often get questions from players on how to become better shooters. One of the more specific questions we get from younger players is, how can they get more power on their shot. We like to start them out with a little experiment to teach them where the power comes from. You should try this now! We tell them to take the ball and stand about 18 feet from the hoop. They are going to shoot the ball 3 times.

• The first shot should be completed with the legs straight, no momentum, but still with proper form. This is the “no legs” shot.
• The second shot should be done like a normal jump shot, but you are not allowed to shoot the ball until you are on your way back down after jumping.
• The third shot should be done while you are jumping up before you start coming down.

It is VERY easy to tell which of these three is the easiest way to shoot. The power comes from the legs. Understanding how the legs power the shot is ultimately part of proper shot mechanics.

Mastering proper shooting fundamentals, or mechanics, is a vital part of any player’s basketball training. It also happens to be one of the 2 biggest factors in getting more power on your shot. The other factor is strength, but that is actually less important than proper mechanics.

Proper Mechanics

• You must master correct shooting mechanics! You can learn a bit more about this in our ultimate guide on how to shoot a basketball. When thinking about shooting form and how it relates to power in your shot, you must remember these things:
• The shot is powered by your legs
• The timing of the release must be WITH the momentum of your jump
• Your shooting motion should be fluid (check out the link above to work on your shot!)
• You need all the other details (extend elbow, relaxed wrist follow through, etc…)…MAKE SURE YOU GO TO THE LINK ABOVE!

Strength

This is the second element of getting power on your shot. Basketball strength training should be full of functional lifts and full body movements. This will create a great strength to weight ratio and will make you fast and explosive without making you too big and slow. You need to have a strong mid-line. This means you will have strong abs, back, and chest. This however will not come from hundreds of crunches and a lot of bench pressing, it comes from those full body movements (clean, squat, squat thrusts, etc.) and body-weight movements (push-ups, pull-ups, dips). Upper body / Arm exercises are much less important to a basketball player.

How to develop more power on your shot

1. Work on your shooting mechanics
2. Develop strength through an intelligent training program with functional movements/lifts
3. SHOOT! Shoot a ton of shots, always with proper technique. Continually refine your technique and improve. Do form shooting, jump shots, game situation shots, the more you will shoot the easier your shot will be and the more power you will be able to generate.

Filed Under: Basketball Training, College Basketball, High School Tagged With: basketball shooting, how to shoot a basketball

About Joe Lucas

Joe Lucas is the founder of The World of Hoops. He has 25 years of experience playing basketball, training basketball players, and coaching basketball. The World of Hoops provides intelligent and intense basketball training to take basketball players to the next level.

*Some of the links in this post are affiliate links.  If you click through, you won’t pay anything additional, but if purchase, The World of Hoops LLC will earn a small commission.

How to throw the ball correctly in basketball: technique, tips, video lessons

The first thing taught in any basketball section is how to throw the ball correctly in basketball. This is where all the NBA stars once started. In addition to throwing technique, many more qualities will come in handy on the court: speed, strength, agility, quick reaction, but it all starts with technical improvement. For basketball players, this process never ends; in training, they work out tactical schemes and constantly work on the shot. In this article, you will learn how to throw and score the ball correctly, what types of shots are, which ones are the most effective, and how to improve your basketball shot.

If a basketball player does not progress, he becomes less successful. Therefore, after training, the players do not leave the court and for a long time just throw the ball into the basket from different points, this can go on for several hours in a row. So do both schoolchildren who have recently joined the section, and athletes from the best leagues in the world. It is extremely important to master the technique, but it is just as important to continue to work on it, to include throwing exercises in basketball in training so that all movements are not only memorized, but also verified.

Types of throws

Almost the whole game consists of throws, and they differ from each other. There are different types according to the execution technique, for example, a dunk or a half-hook, as well as by range: directly from under the shield, from a short or long distance. There are also differences in the method of implementation, for example, after dribbling or in a jump.

The simplest in terms of technical implementation are lay-up and dunk. The first is performed from below, usually right from under the basket, it will not be difficult even for a child to master the correct throw in basketball from such a distance. The dunk will be a little more difficult, as physics intervenes. It is necessary not only to throw the ball, but to group well, to jump high in order to be as close to the basket as possible. In this case, it will be possible to simply put the ball into the ring with two hands or one. You can learn more about this from the article “What are dunks in basketball and how to do them correctly?”.

In the case of the dunk, it is important not only to know how to shoot correctly in basketball, but also to work on the strength of your legs and improve your jump. That is why training begins not only with throws, but with general physical preparation. The very first to be mastered will be from an average distance, this is the basis of everything, these are exactly what they do as a free kick. To implement it is simple and difficult at the same time, the moment is not technically difficult, but extremely responsible.

The worst thing that can happen to a beginner is learning the wrong technique to throw a basketball. The body has muscle memory, so learning something from scratch is easier than relearning. Incorrectly learned movements are reflected in accuracy. Sometimes even high-level basketball players spend several years to correct the wrong technical points that they found in school.

In terms of efficiency, there is no technique that will make any player successful. Much depends on individual characteristics, primarily on height and other anthropometric data. Therefore, you need to master the correct shooting technique in basketball in different performances in order to understand which one makes you more effective.

Correct execution

When learning any throw, you need to watch the position of the body. In the case of the usual, the legs should be shoulder-width apart, this gives stability and enhances coordination of movements. The throwing leg is slightly forward relative to the supporting leg, about half a step. The heels are torn off the floor surface by just a couple of millimeters, the knees are slightly bent, this gives the body springiness.

The main characteristic of basketball shots is accuracy, and it depends on the position of the head. The head should be located strictly in the center of the body, if you tilt it to the right or left, then a deviation will occur, accuracy will suffer.

Let's move on to the most important thing - the work of the hands. When taking out, the thrower is bent at the elbow at a right angle, her forearm is located perpendicular to the floor. With proper implementation, the ball will come off your hand at the level of your forehead or a little higher, this should be taken into account when training a shot in basketball. The second hand is the insurer, it should not firmly fix the ball, just hold it slightly. If you do not listen to this rule, then in flight there will be a deviation from the desired trajectory. In this case, before the throw, the projectile is fixed exclusively with the throwing hand.

Spread your fingers wide for better control of accuracy. The larger the captured area, the easier it is to control.

Accuracy is also affected by backspin, which is given to the ball by fingertips at the very last moment. Twist the middle and index fingers. The throwing arm should not be tense, the ball is escorted exclusively by the hand. The faster it is released, the more accurate its flight will be.

Basketball throwing technique consists of many tiny details, and each of them is important. Before you throw, you need to sit down slightly in order to straighten up at the right moment, this is not done abruptly, but quickly. Such actions allow you to transfer an additional momentum to the projectile. The flight range depends not only on the force that is invested by the throwing hand, so there is simply no need for its tension and sharp movements with the brush.

Last but not least is the trajectory. Players constantly calculate it to understand how to hit the basket in basketball from the distance they are at the moment. The trajectory should always be curved, throwing in a straight line is not worth it for two reasons: it is more difficult to get into the ring, and it is easier for representatives of the other team to intercept the blow. The higher the trajectory, the more likely it is to hit the basket, and not the bow. In addition, according to the rules of the game, block shots can only be placed during the ascending phase of the movement. It turns out that the higher the highest point of the flight is located, the more difficult it is to intercept it.

How to choose a throwing technique?

Do not try to master complex throws until the most common one is brought to automatism. It is necessary to constantly do throwing exercises in basketball on technique, initially not even paying attention to accuracy and speed. Muscle memory should be replenished with basic movements, and only after that you can try to repeat the tricks of Kevin Durant or Stephen Curry. You can learn about a complex and very effective technique from the article “How to do a hook throw in basketball?”.

What is needed is automatism, since in real game conditions there will be no time to think about how to place a foot or place hands. Opponents simply will not provide such an opportunity. Over time, you will realize that, technically, the execution of a jump shot is very similar to a free kick. The basic principles are exactly the same, the only difference is in the position of the legs. They must be positioned so as to maintain good coordination of movements at the time of the throw and after it.

When teaching how to shoot in basketball, a lot of attention is paid to the position of the body. High-level basketball players can shoot from any position, with the head and torso always in the correct position: perpendicular to the court and turned towards the basket. This position allows you to achieve high control over the ball in any implementation of the throw. It is also worth remembering that when performing in a jump, you need to move only forward, not to the side or back.

How to throw the ball correctly in basketball comes with practice. Therefore, the most successful players are those who spend more time practicing than others.

State budgetary educational institution Secondary school No. 258 with an in-depth study of physics and chemistry of the Kolpino district of St. Petersburg

A student of class A ”Class Vlasov Nikolay Andreevich Physics teacher: Ignatova Antonina Pavlovna Consultant

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Table of contents

Table of contents 2

Introduction. 3

Basketball as a sport game. 4

Elements of basketball studied in the study. 4

Determination of the overall study plan. 5

Progress. 6

Determining the acceleration time of the ball. 6

Determining the speed of the ball as it takes off. 8

Determining the angle of the ball. 9

Determine the acceleration of the ball. 10

Determining the mass of the ball. 10

Determination of the force with which the ball must be thrown to hit the basket. 10

Analysis of received data. 11

References. 14

Appendix. 15

Introduction.

One of my hobbies is playing basketball. The most spectacular element of the game is considered to be hitting the ball into the basket, especially from a long distance. Studying the laws of mechanics in a physics lesson, I had a question: “With what parameters do you need to throw the ball so that it hits the ring exactly?”. After searching for information on this topic on the Internet, I found several articles. The works [4,5] describe the throw technique, training methods, but there are no mechanical characteristics of the throw. The paper [2] defines the speed and angle of the ball when thrown from different points of the court. In the same place, these values ​​are determined experimentally. The determination of the force with which the ball must be thrown was not made. I set myself the task of repeating the experimental determination of the speed and angle of the ball and calculate the force with which the ball must be thrown.

Purpose of work:

Determine the force with which it is necessary to throw a basketball in order for it to hit the basket.

Tasks:

1. Read and study the literature on the issue under study.
2. Experimentally determine the speed of the ball at the time of its departure, the angle of departure, the acceleration time, the mass of the ball.
3. Analytically determine the force with which the ball must be thrown.
4. Complete the work in accordance with the rules.
5. Prepare a presentation of the work.
6. Prepare a report for the presentation.
7. Compare findings with results from other studies.

Basketball as a sport game.

Basketball is one of the most popular sports in the world. This sport appeared in the USA in 1891. During the winter, the students of the Springfield Youth Christian Association College were very bored in physical education classes, as they had to do the same gymnastic exercises. And 21 December 1891 year old college teacher James Naismith found a way out of this situation. He tied two peach baskets to the balcony railing of the gymnasium and divided the students into two teams. The essence of the game was to throw more balls into the opponents' basket.

Basketball has been an Olympic sport since 1936, World Championships since 1950, European Championships since 1935.

Men's and women's national teams of the USSR - one of the strongest teams in the world for 1950-1980s. The achievements of the Russian national teams are not great, like their predecessors, but these teams have something to be proud of.

Basketball clubs of the country take part and become winners in the VTB United League, Euroleague, Eurocup, FIBA ​​Challenge Cup. Under the leadership of the Basketball Federation of the Russian Federation, within the framework of the country, between the teams of basketball clubs, a men's championship is held in three leagues and a women's championship in four leagues, the national championship between teams of children's sports schools in different age groups.

Elements of basketball studied in the study.

Basketball is a complex, team game consisting of many elements. The main components of basketball are: gestures of referees, dribbling, passing the ball, rebounds, interceptions, block shots, throw. It is difficult to single out the most important element in the game, but getting the ball into the ring is the most anticipated moment, since this is the goal of the game. Therefore, for study, we chose a throw. Considering this component of the game, it is possible to distinguish 3 parts in it: the acceleration of the ball, the moment the ball is released from the hand and the flight of the ball into the basket.

In order to determine such mechanical parameters as the angle of the ball, its speed and the force with which it must be sent to the basket, it is necessary to mathematically describe the studied components of the throw. Considering the acceleration of the ball, we will be interested in the time for which the ball accelerates before departure. We will need it later when calculating the acceleration. The moment the ball leaves the hand will help to reveal the speed at which the ball is moving, which is necessary to determine the acceleration. Also, this moment will be needed when determining the angle of departure of the ball. The phase of the ball flight to the basket is of no interest for revealing the studied mechanical parameters. For these measurements, we used the following tools: a video camera (for recording a real throw), a GIMP graphics editor (for processing the resulting video sequence), scales, and a tailor's centimeter.

Determining the overall study plan.

To determine the required parameters, let's shoot a video of a basketball throwing into a basket. A similar method is described in [1]. To determine the force with which you need to throw the ball, we will use Newton's second law, which states: "The acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the force applied to the body, and inversely proportional to its mass" [3]. Hence, the force acting on a body is equal to the product of the mass of this body and the acceleration created by the force applied to this body. Accordingly, it is necessary to find the acceleration and mass of the body, i.e., in our case, the basketball.

We will determine the mass of the ball using weights. Acceleration is determined by dividing the speed of the ball by the acceleration time. To determine the speed, we need to know the distance that the ball travels after the ball has left the ball in a certain time. We will get these data by measuring the distance between the images of the ball on two adjacent frames, corresponding to the separation of the ball from the hand. We get the speed by dividing the distance by the time between frames - 1/25 s. The acceleration time is determined using the video sequence decomposed into frames, multiplying the number of frames by the frame rate of 1/25 s.

The resulting force will be the resultant of two forces: the force of gravity and the muscle force of the player. The muscle strength of the player is defined as the difference between the vectors of gravity and the resultant force obtained as a result of the experiment. To determine the module of muscle strength, we need the ball departure angle, which we will determine when processing the same frames as for determining the speed. In this case, the angle at which the player must throw the ball will be greater than the angle of the ball. The value of this angle is determined by calculation.

For the reliability of the obtained values, we will process several ball throws. As a result, we will use the average value.

Progress.

Determining the acceleration time of the ball.

In the course of the study, a video was made of ten throws of the ball into the ring by a player of the school team born in 2003. At the same time, a high-quality throw, when the ball hit the ring exactly, turned out to be only one. In other cases, the ball hit the ring after hitting the bow or backboard, or not hit at all. In the game it does not matter, but to determine the parameters of an accurate throw, such data cannot be used. Therefore, it was not possible to collect statistics as a result of the experiment. Further, in the calculations, the parameters of one accurate and three inaccurate throws were used. The measurement results and calculated values ​​were recorded in the application table.

The acceleration time of the ball, as noted above, is a necessary parameter for calculating the acceleration, which in turn is needed to determine the force with which the ball is thrown into the basket. To determine this parameter, following the research plan, we filmed several shots of a basketball player from free throw distance using a video camera. The camera was located perpendicular to the throw plane for the minimum calculation error. After shooting, we decomposed the resulting video sequences into separate frames. It is worth considering that the time difference between each frame is 1/25 (s). Having a storyboard of video fragments of throws, we have chosen only those frames that are between the frame of the beginning of the ball acceleration and the frame of the ball departure, Figure 1.

Fig.1

It is worth noting that during the processing of frames, an inaccuracy in the resulting image was revealed: the ball was “blurred”. This is due to shooting errors (camera instability), with the peculiarities of the jpg image format in which the frames were recorded and the low resolution of the existing camera. Considering one of the causes of "blurring" - the jpg image format, it can be noted that it saves data with lossy quality. The image is divided into blocks of 8 by 8 pixels and averaged values ​​are recorded for each of these blocks [7]. But this factor influenced what happened less than the other two: the instability of the camera and its low resolution. But it is quite difficult to achieve the best with the available equipment.

Returning to the course of the study, it can be noted that in order to calculate the acceleration time of the ball, we need to know the number of frames received over the range specified above. We calculated this value for each throw and entered it in column 7 of the application table. Now the results obtained must be multiplied by 1/25 (s) - the time elapsed between each frame of shooting, as noted above. And as a result, we got the acceleration time of the ball for each throw and put it in column 8 of the table. In the case of a successful throw, the number of frames was 21, the acceleration time was 0.84 s.

Determining the speed of the ball as it takes off.

The speed of the ball at the time of its departure, as mentioned above, is one of the necessary quantities to find the force with which it is necessary to throw the ball to hit the basket. To determine it, we, as well as when determining the acceleration time of the ball, used video fragments of a basketball player throwing a basketball into the basket, decomposed into frames.

We processed the video clips of all the throws: we took two adjacent frames after the ball took off (because in this section of the ball’s movement its speed is the highest, because then it will decrease due to air resistance and gravity) and cut out in each of them ball image, after which we connected the centers of the resulting circles with a line and saved the resulting images in jpg format, as shown in Figure 2.

Fig.2

Now we had to calculate the distance that the ball flew in this 1/25 (s) from the received images. To do this, we used the built-in tool of the GIMP graphics editor "meter". For each image, we measured the length of the resulting lines and entered the results in column 4 of the table.

But this data shows the distance from the center of the circle of one ball to the center of the circle of the other ball specifically in the figure in millimeters. In order to find out the actual flight length, it is necessary to find the proportionality factor between the measurements in the image and the measurements in the real world. We decided to find this coefficient through the ratio of the diameter of a real basketball to the diameter of the ball in the picture. To do this, we measured the diameter of a real basketball using the formula S=πd, hence d=S/π. Taking a tailor's centimeter, we measured the circumference of the ball, after which we divided the resulting value by the number π. The resulting value d \u003d 0.744 / π \u003d 0.237 m

Now we only need to measure the diameter of the ball in the image. We did this with the help of the GIMP graphical editor's "meter" tool. Using the data obtained, the proportionality coefficient is easily found: k=0.237/0.0252=9.4. Multiplying the resulting coefficient by the length of the path traveled by the ball in 1/25 s after departure, we get the real path of the ball. For each throw, these values ​​were calculated and entered in column 5 of the table. In the case of a successful throw, the distance traveled in 1/25 s was 0.249m. To determine the speed of the ball, it is necessary to divide the results obtained by 1/25 s. Ball speeds were also entered in column 6 of the table. For a successful throw, the speed was 6.23 m/s

Determination of the ball departure angle.

To determine the angle of departure for each throw, we used the previously obtained images of the movement of the ball for 1/25 (s) after it left the hand, as shown in Figure 2. Now we worked on these images in the GIMP graphics editor using the " Meter". It should be noted that the values ​​of the angle of departure of the ball obtained for each throw are measured relative to the horizon. So, we entered the resulting values ​​​​of the angles of departure of the basketball in column 3 of the table. The effective throw was made at an angle of 570.

Determining the acceleration of the ball.

Detecting the ball's acceleration is the penultimate step in determining the force with which the ball must be thrown to hit the basket. In order to calculate it, we had to substitute the previously obtained values ​​into the formula a = . But since v0=0 m/s (because for a body at rest acceleration starts from 0 m/s), the formula becomes a=. And we see that we have enough data to determine the acceleration of the ball for each throw. We made calculations and entered the obtained data in column 9tables. Acceleration during a successful throw was 7.4 m/s2.

Determining the mass of the ball.

The last step to determine the force with which you need to throw a basketball to hit the basket is to determine the mass of the ball. It should be noted that for the experiment we used a ball that complies with the FIBA ​​rules [6]. We used scales to determine its mass. They showed us a value of 0.617 kg. We now had a complete set of data to get the force applied to the ball for each throw.

Determination of the force with which the ball must be thrown to hit the basket.

The resultant force is obtained by multiplying the acceleration by the mass of the ball. The values ​​for all throws are listed in column 10 of the table; for a successful throw, the force was 4.58N. The muscle force applied to the ball is defined as the vector difference between the resultant force and the force of gravity, Figure 3.

Fig.3

The modulus of the applied force is determined by the cosine theorem:0003

For a successful throw Fp=10.2N, all values ​​are in column 10 of the table.

The angle at which the player must throw the ball will be equal to the sum of the angle of departure and the angle between the vectors of the resultant force and the applied force :

= 760. That is, in order for the ball to fly out at an angle of 570, it should be thrown at an angle of 760.

Analysis of the obtained data.

In order to fully verify the correctness of our calculations, we decided to compare our results with the results obtained in other works [2]. In the work, the speed of the ball was analytically calculated at the moment of separation of the basketball from the hand when throwing from a distance to the ring in the range from 4 to 6 meters, and in our study, the distance was 3 meters. Therefore, we independently determined the theoretical value of the departure speed using the formulas given in the mentioned work:

v= (3)

where

g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.81;

α- departure angle, ;

β - the minimum angle of approach of the ball, at which it is possible to hit the ring, 320;

h - vertical distance from the departure point to the ring, 0. 7 meters;

l - horizontal distance to the ring, 3 meters.

= 480

v = 6.1

The values ​​of the take-off angle 570 and velocity 6.2 obtained as a result of the experiment agree with the analytically obtained values.

The resulting force with which to throw the ball into the ring is greater than the force of gravity, because as a result of its action, the energy necessary to reach the ring located at a height of 3.05 meters from the floor level is achieved. The value of strength is negligible for the muscular capabilities of a person, which allows even children to play basketball. And the accuracy of the throw depends on the technique, the accuracy of determining the distance to the ring and other factors, which together are called the feeling of the throw. The same sense of throw should include the definition of the angle of throw, at which the ball will fly at a different angle along the required trajectory. This fact was not considered in the textbooks on teaching the game of basketball, most likely due to the intuitive definition of the necessary movement of the hand during the throw. In real conditions, the accuracy of the throw is achieved by multiple repetitions of the required movement.

The values ​​obtained as a result of the study can be useful in the development of a robot-basketball player, the meaning of which is to popularize the achievements of science and technology.

Plans for the development of this study are to conduct more accurate measurements and collect statistical data necessary to ensure the reliability of the results.

References.

Appendix.

Table.1