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Where Basketball was Invented: The History of Basketball

Where Basketball Originated

It was the winter of 1891-1892. Inside a gymnasium at Springfield College (then known as the International YMCA Training School), located in Springfield, Mass., was a group of restless college students. The young men had to be there; they were required to participate in indoor activities to burn off the energy that had been building up since their football season ended. The gymnasium class offered them activities such as marching, calisthenics, and apparatus work, but these were pale substitutes for the more exciting games of football and lacrosse they played in warmer seasons.

James Naismith, The Person Who Invented Basketball

The instructor of this class was James Naismith, a 31-year-old graduate student. After graduating from Presbyterian College in Montreal with a theology degree, Naismith embraced his love of athletics and headed to Springfield to study physical education—at that time, a relatively new and unknown academic discipline—under Luther Halsey Gulick, superintendent of physical education at the College and today renowned as the father of physical education and recreation in the United States.

As Naismith, a second-year graduate student who had been named to the teaching faculty, looked at his class, his mind flashed to the summer session of 1891, when Gulick introduced a new course in the psychology of play. In class discussions, Gulick had stressed the need for a new indoor game, one “that would be interesting, easy to learn, and easy to play in the winter and by artificial light. ” No one in the class had followed up on Gulick’s challenge to invent such a game. But now, faced with the end of the fall sports season and students dreading the mandatory and dull required gymnasium work, Naismith had a new motivation.

Two instructors had already tried and failed to devise activities that would interest the young men. The faculty had met to discuss what was becoming a persistent problem with the class’s unbridled energy and disinterest in required work.

During the meeting, Naismith later wrote that he had expressed his opinion that “the trouble is not with the men, but with the system that we are using.” He felt that the kind of work needed to motivate and inspire the young men he faced “should be of a recreative nature, something that would appeal to their play instincts.”

Before the end of the faculty meeting, Gulick placed the problem squarely in Naismith’s lap.

“Naismith,” he said. “I want you to take that class and see what you can do with it. ”

So Naismith went to work. His charge was to create a game that was easy to assimilate, yet complex enough to be interesting. It had to be playable indoors or on any kind of ground, and by a large number of players all at once. It should provide plenty of exercise, yet without the roughness of football, soccer, or rugby since those would threaten bruises and broken bones if played in a confined space.

Much time and thought went into this new creation. It became an adaptation of many games of its time, including American rugby (passing), English rugby (the jump ball), lacrosse (use of a goal), soccer (the shape and size of the ball), and something called duck on a rock, a game Naismith had played with his childhood friends in Bennie’s Corners, Ontario. Duck on a rock used a ball and a goal that could not be rushed. The goal could not be slammed through, thus necessitating “a goal with a horizontal opening high enough so that the ball would have to be tossed into it, rather than being thrown. ”

Naismith approached the school janitor, hoping he could find two, 18-inch square boxes to use as goals. The janitor came back with two peach baskets instead. Naismith then nailed them to the lower rail of the gymnasium balcony, one at each end. The height of that lower balcony rail happened to be ten feet. A man was stationed at each end of the balcony to pick the ball from the basket and put it back into play. It wasn’t until a few years later that the bottoms of those peach baskets were cut to let the ball fall loose.

Naismith then drew up the 13 original rules, which described, among other facets, the method of moving the ball and what constituted a foul. A referee was appointed. The game would be divided into two, 15-minute halves with a five-minute resting period in between. Naismith’s secretary typed up the rules and tacked them on the bulletin board. A short time later, the gym class met, and the teams were chosen with three centers, three forwards, and three guards per side. Two of the centers met at mid-court, Naismith tossed the ball, and the game of “basket ball” was born.

Basketball: history, rules, inventory, playground

Basketball (from English basket - basket, ball - ball) is an Olympic sport, a sports team game with a ball, the goal of which is to throw the ball into the opponent's basket more times than the opposing team does at the set time. Each team consists of 5 field players.

Contents

• The history of the emergence and development of basketball
• Basketball rules (briefly)
• Basketball field
• Basketball
• Basketball hoop and backboard dimensions
• Refereeing in basketball
• Basketball Federation

The history of the emergence and development of basketball

In 1891, in the United States of America, a young teacher, a native of Canada, Dr. James Naismith, trying to "revive" gymnastics lessons, attached two fruit baskets to the railing of the balcony and suggested throwing soccer balls into it. The resulting game only remotely resembled modern basketball. There was no question of any management, the players threw the ball to each other and then tried to throw it into the basket. The team that scored the most goals won.

A year later, Naismith developed the first rules of basketball. The very first matches under these rules caused their first changes.

Gradually, basketball from the United States penetrated first to the East - Japan, China, the Philippines, and then to Europe and South America. After 10 years at the Olympic Games in St. Louis, the Americans organized a demonstration tour between the teams of several cities. The Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed in 1946. The first match under her auspices took place on November 1 of the same year in Toronto between the Toronto Huskies and New York Knickerbockers. At 19In 1949, the association merged with the US National Basketball League to form the National Basketball Association (NBA). In 1967, the American Basketball Association was created, which for a long time tried to compete with the NBA, but merged with it 9 years later. Today, the NBA is one of the most influential and well-known professional basketball leagues in the world.

The International Amateur Basketball Federation was founded in 1932. The federation includes 8 countries: Argentina, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania. Sweden, Czechoslovakia. Based on the name, it was assumed that the organization would only lead amateur basketball, however, at 1989, professional basketball players received admission to international competitions, and the word "amateur" was removed from the name.

The very first international match took place in 1904, and in 1936 basketball entered the program of the Summer Olympic Games.

Basketball rules (briefly)

The rules of the game of basketball changed several times until 2004, when the final version of the rules took shape, which is considered relevant to this day.

1. Basketball is played by two teams. Usually a team consists of 12 people, 5 of which are field players, and the rest are considered substitutes.
2. Basketball dribbling . Athletes in possession of the ball must move around the field, hitting the floor with it. Otherwise, "carrying the ball" will be counted, and this is a violation of the rules in basketball. Accidentally touching the ball with a body part other than the hand is not considered a foul, unlike purposeful play with the foot or fist.
3. A basketball game consists of 4 periods or halves, but the time of each half (play time) varies depending on the basketball association. So, for example, in NBA a match consists of 4 halves of 12 minutes each, and in FIBA ​​each such half lasts 10 minutes.
4. Short breaks are provided between periods, and between the second and third periods, the break time is increased.
5. The ball thrown into the basket can bring a different number of points to its team. If the ball is scored during the free throw, the team earns 1 point. If the ball is thrown from an average or close distance (closer than the 3-point line), then the team is given 2 points. A team earns three points if the ball is scored from behind the three-point line.
6. If in regular time both teams scored the same number of points, then a 5-minute overtime is assigned, if it ended in a draw, then the next one is assigned and so on until the winner is determined.
7. 3 Second Rule - A rule that prohibits any player from the attacking team from being in the free throw area for more than three seconds.
8. Basketball Two Step Rule . The player is only allowed to take two steps with the ball, after which he must either shoot or pass.

Basketball field

The playing field for basketball has a rectangular shape and a hard surface. The surface of the site must not have any bends, cracks or any other deformations. The size of the basketball court must be 28 meters long and 15 meters wide (standard). The height of the ceiling must be at least 7 meters, and on professional sites, ceilings are raised to a height of 12 meters and above. The lighting on the field must be designed so as not to interfere with the movement of the players and must evenly cover the entire court.

Until the end of the 60s, tournaments could be organized outdoors. However, now basketball games are played only in closed areas.

Site marking

1. limit lines. Pass along the entire perimeter of the site (2 short front lines and 2 long side lines).
2. Central line. It is drawn from one side line to another and at the same time it is parallel to the front lines.
3. The central zone is a circle (radius 1.80 m) and is located exactly in the center of the basketball field.
4. Three-point lines are semi-circles with a radius of 6.75 m, drawn to the intersection with parallel (front) lines.
5. Free throw lines. The free-throw line is drawn 3.60 m long parallel to each end line so that its far edge is located at a distance of 5.80 meters from the inside edge of the end line, and its middle is on an imaginary line connecting the midpoints of both end lines.

Basketball

The basketball is spherical, painted an approved shade of orange, and has a pattern of eight inlays and black stitching.

Basketball hoop and backboard dimensions

The height of the basketball hoop from the floor level is 3. 05 meters (standard). The diameter of the basketball hoop ranges from 45 cm to 45.7 cm. The ring itself must be painted bright orange. A special net with a length of 40-45 cm is attached to the ring. The basketball hoop is located at a distance of 15 cm from the backboard.

The shield to which the ring is attached also has a number of important parameters. Basketball backboard size: width - 1.8 m, height - 1.05 m. Modern basketball backboards are made of tempered glass.

Refereeing in basketball

At the basketball game there are:

• senior judge and judge;
• timekeeper;
• secretary;
• assistant secretary;
• operator 30 seconds.

Judge uniform:

• gray shirt;
• long black trousers;
• black basketball shoes.

Basketball Federation

• International Basketball Federation (FR. Fédération Internationale de Basketball, FIBA).
• Russian Basketball Federation (RBF).

FAQ

🚩 How long is a basketball match?

Game times vary by basketball association. In the NBA, the match consists of 4 halves of 12 minutes, and in FIBA ​​each such half lasts 10 minutes.

🚩 What is the 3 second rule in basketball?

A rule that prohibits any player on the attacking team from being in the free throw area for more than 3 seconds.

🚩 How does basketball affect height?

No way.

We tried to cover the topic as fully as possible, so this information can be safely used in the preparation of messages, reports on physical education and essays on the topic "Basketball".

History and development of basketball — Megatutorial

Basketball was "invented" in 1891 by a teacher of physical education at Springfield College in Massachusetts, USA, Dr. James Naismith. Since the ball was thrown into the basket, the new game was called basketball "(Basket - basket, baII - ball)

Somewhat later, in 1892, D. Naismith developed the first thirteen points of the basketball rules, which are in effect to this day in one way or another. Pretty soon, after the first matches were played, these rules underwent their first evolution. In particular, one of the reasons for the rule change was that boards were introduced to which baskets were attached.

Further development of the game led to the improvement of the rules. So, in 1893, iron rings with a grid first appeared, the next year the circumference of the ball was increased to 30-32 inches (76.2-81.3 cm). At 1895 free throws were introduced from a distance of 15 feet (5 m 25 cm). Dribbling in all its variants was legalized in 1896. In fig. 1 shows the modernization of the inventory, equipment and costume of the players from the inception of the game to the present.

Shortly after its introduction, basketball became very popular in the United States. Somewhat later, basketball was introduced to a number of other countries, and then the game spread throughout the world.

The first stage in the development of basketball (1891-1918 years) characterizes its development Initially created to revitalize gymnastics lessons, basketball gradually turned into a sports game with all its inherent features

In 1894, the first official rules were published in the USA, according to which competitions began to be held.

Simultaneously with the development of the game, the technique was formed, and the tactics of basketball were also created. Rational techniques appeared - catching, passing, dribbling and throwing the ball into the basket. True, at first these techniques were performed on the spot and only with two hands. In tactics, the functions of the players were determined, they were divided into attackers and defenders.

Basketball first penetrated from the United States of America to the countries of the East - to Japan, China, the Philippines, and then to the countries of Europe and South America. At the Olympic Games in Sept. - Louis (USA, 1904) the Americans organized a demonstrative basketball tournament between the teams of several cities.

At the second stage (1919-1931) national basketball federations began to be created. The number of basketball players has increased, the number of competitions has increased, which began to be held more systematically. began to be widely cultivated in European countries: in Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Italy, France.

The third stage (1932-1947) was marked by the creation of the International Basketball Federation

(FIBA), a sharp increase in sportsmanship.

The International Basketball Federation, founded on June 18, 1932, originally included 8 countries: Argentina, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, Switzerland and Czechoslovakia.

The game quickly gained recognition all over the world. In 1935, the first European championship for men's teams was held in Geneva, where basketball players from the Baltic countries dominated. The first peony of Europe was the national team of Latvia. The first European Women's Championship was held at 1938 in Rama. It was won by the national team of Italy.

Basketball was first included in the program of the Olympic Games in 1936. Teams from 21 countries participated in the tournament of the XI Olympiad. During the Olympics, the first FIBA ​​Congress was held, where the uniform rules of the game were adopted and the beginning of a wide international meeting was laid.

The fourth stage in the development of basketball covers the period from 1948 to 1956. The International Basketball Federation has taken one of the leading positions among international sports associations. Under the leadership of FIBA, major international competitions are held, such as the world and European champions. Athletes from socialist countries began to actively participate in all international competitions. At 1948, 50 countries were already members of the International Basketball Federation.

With the development of world basketball, the development and enrichment of the technique and tactics of the game took place. New ways of passing and dribbling appeared, various tricks began to be widely used. There were throws of the ball with one hand, more complex in terms of execution technique, but also more difficult for defenders to reflect. The end result of the meetings immediately increased. If earlier teams scored 20-30 points per game, then with the advent of jumping throws with one hand, the total of the meetings increased to 50-60 points.

In tactics, there has been a clear transition from individual play, built mainly on the improvisation of individual players, to collective play. It appeared and was defined as an independent system of attack through the center player, which was adopted by all national teams.

In 1950 Argentina hosted the first men's world championship, which was won by the home team. Three years later, the first world championship for women's teams was held in Chile. The title of world champions was won by athletes from the USA. In the future, the world championships among men and women began to be held regularly, once every four years.

At the beginning of the 1950s, a significant advantage of attack over defense was created in basketball. This was due to two factors: the predominant development of attack technique and tactics compared to defense technique and tactics, and the appearance of tall players in teams.

Basketball began to lose its inherent sharpness of the struggle, and the pace of the game dropped sharply. The team that achieved an advantage in the score during the game stopped the attack, “frozen” the ball, holding it in their hands for an unlimited time, tried to pull the opponent’s players away from the shield in order to freely pass to the shield or pass the ball to a tall player who was on duty under the shield. It was necessary to make important additions and changes to the rules aimed at activating the attack, assisting the defense and partially eliminating the advantage of tall players. The most significant were: the introduction of the 30 second rule, according to which the team in possession of the ball is obliged to throw the ball into the basket within this time; introduction of the rule 3 sec. and expanding the area of ​​the three-second zone, i.e., the zone where the attacker cannot be more than 3 seconds; prohibition to tear off the supporting leg from the platform at the beginning of the dribbling.

Active forms of the game, in turn, enriched basketball technique with new rational techniques. Passing the ball with one hand (hand passes), hidden passes, dribbling without visual control, throwing the ball with two and one hand in a jump began to be widely used.

The current stage in the development of basketball, which began in 1957, is notable for the unusual flourishing of the game. Athletes from the socialist countries, and in particular Soviet basketball players, today's leaders in world basketball, had a great influence on the further development of basketball.

Delegates from the socialist countries participate in all congresses and conferences held by FIBA, successfully resolve issues that affect the process of the game.

FIBA ​​regional organizations were formed. The creation of these organizations contributed to the development of basketball and its popularity in countries where it was not widely cultivated.

Every year, under the leadership of FIVA, the European Champions Cup and Basketball Cup Winners' Cups are held. These competitions are currently attracting the attention of teams from almost all European countries.

In 1972, the IOC decided to include women's basketball in the program of the XXII Olympic Games in Montreal.

Basketball is now cultivated in most countries of the world and is one of the most beloved sports. In 1973, the International Basketball Federation already united 133 national federations from various countries of the world. Basketball in the USSR

Following the Mayak society, basketball teams appeared in the Bogatyr sports society, and after it in some others. Basketball gradually spread to the cities of Russia. Not later, he penetrated into Ukraine, Belarus, Transcaucasia, and the Far East.