How to read a basketball box score high school

Reading the Box Score – Coach's Climb

“Wake up in the morning, take a shower, and have breakfast over the box scores. It’s the perfect way to start a day.”

Key Takeaways:

• Where was the game won?
• Estimated Pace of Play
• Numbers that Stand Out

My parents would grab the newspaper and I’d steal the sports section as soon as they’d set it down. Modern morning routines may have changed since Basketball on Paper was published, but box scores still serve a purpose for any coach during or after any game. During my childhood, the focal point while reading these box scores was to simply look at the overall scores and how my favorite players performed. As a coach, my priorities haven’t necessarily changed, but I’d like to think the process to do it has become a bit more thorough in evaluation.

“The first thing to understand about a game is whether it was won on the offensive end or defensive end and, for that, I always look at the pace of the game to get the team’s ratings. ”

Unfortunately at the high-school level in the state of Massachusetts traditional box scores are unavailable during or following any game. While as an assistant at the college level print-outs were available during media timeouts and half-time. On first observation my eyes tended to gravitate towards three statistics that I felt heavily influenced the outcome:

• Field-Goal Percentage

A team’s shooting percentage shifts either team’s style of play throughout the course of a game. If opponents are knocking down shots it forces you to go against set defenses often, thus relying upon efficient offense on a halfcourt. From a defensive perspective, it often applies more pressure to string stops together, subsequently leading to possibly more fouls or uncharacteristic decision-making. Which team is applying more pressure by making shots?

• Assist/Turnovers

Assists-to-turnover ratio can tell the story of possession by possession. Depending on the intended style of play for a team it can answer questions of ball movement, ball-control, and defensive pressure particularly on-the-ball or in the passing lanes.

• Free-Throws (Percentages & Attempts)

Free-throws are possible free points. And good defenses don’t give anything for free. Our coaching staff rule of thumb is to seek more free-throws made than our opponent’s attempts.

From these statistics we can start to generate an idea of what swayed the scoreboard and on which side of the floor was most influential. To get a quick estimation of the pace of play, Dean Oliver references this formula:

Poss. = FGA – OR + TOV + 0.4 x FTA

A quick estimation for the number of possessions can give an interpretation into the pace of play, in addition to the offensive/defensive efficiency ratings. Some of the greatest coaches in history – Dean Smith and Frank McGuire – emphasized points per possession to compare previous performances with average efficiency. Unfortunately making comparisons to previous box scores doesn’t change the results. The ensuing tweet by Coach Chris Oliver looks into the numbers in the midst of the game to make any possible adjustments.

Coaches, @GregWhite32 and I were having a discussion about "in game stat charting" Help us. What do you want to know in a game?
During live action?
At quarters?
At half time? pic.twitter.com/tTnray5NwI

— Chris Oliver (@BBallImmersion) May 12, 2020

Our program generally prioritizes four statistics to articulate to the team:

• Kills (3 defensive stops in a row)
• Offensive Rebounds (2nd chances)
• Assist/Turnovers
• +/- Paint Touches (Team vs. Opponent)

Three of the four are traditional box score numbers; paint touches are becoming more commonly kept by staff’s across the country. Despite the lack of accessibility of box scores, our staff does a great job recording these numbers throughout the course of any game to assess any trends that are taking place to make any adjustments we see fit.

The evaluation of these four statistics are intended to get a decent understanding of our defense and offense. There is quite a bit of overlap with 2nd chances, A/TOs, and paint touches. The kills are indicative of stringing stops together instead of exchanging baskets. Second chance opportunities are a huge aspect of any game and charting this statistic can help answer the question of finishing possessions defensively or creating extra scoring chances. Assist to turnover for the reasons we already discussed, but paint touches are all about pressure and conversion. It is one thing to puncture the paint increasing our probability of high percentage shots whether field goal attempts at the rim or getting good looks from inside-out field goal attempts. It is another thing to actually convert on those paint touches. So we gauge the number of paint touches per quarter with the efficiency of those paint touches to determine which team is more in attack mode and is finishing given the opportunities.

The box score is a great way to clearly communicate to the team performance without using coach-speak. Often times we want to go into a locker room or a huddle during a time-out to reference we aren’t playing hard enough or don’t want it as bad as they do as motivation. In some moments it can rally the troops, but there isn’t anything tangible that resonates with the players. Whatever the key statistics are in your program that identify with your style of play, those are the talking points to communicate for future adjustments.

• If you are a team that looks to get out in the passing lanes or apply a ton of ball-pressure, what are the numbers of deflections?
• Team that thrives on crashing the glass, what are the rebounding margins?

We want a team that strings stops together by finishing each possession with a rebound (limiting 2nd chances) and offensively share it, take care of it, and relentlessly look to attack for scoring opportunities.

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One coach's journey is others opportunity to learn. A resource simply to grow the game. View all posts by Coach's Climb

How to read a basketball box score

After a basketball game ends there are two critical questions. Who won the game? Why did they win the game? The first question is easy, but the second question -- the "why" question -- is harder. The standard game recap written by a beat writer sometimes touches on this question, and sometimes it does not. This is not meant to be a critique of beat writers,who usually do a good job of taking a handful of post game quotes, a few quickly skimmed statistics, and a bit of game narrative and stringing it all together into a story. Much of the time, these stories are well-written and informative. But they often don't answer the "why" question.

Answering the "why" question is the main focus of my weekly Inside the Numbers articles that appear here at Burnt Orange Nation during the college basketball season. I work from the top down, starting from the final score of the game and then unwinding the box score from there. I thought it would be helpful to explain the process I go through to do this each week. I do this for two reasons. First, you might want to try to use some of these methods yourself to understand box scores from other games. Second, should I get hit by a bus, Peter will have this post to use as a guide when he gives my gig to someone else. And getting hit by a bus is a real possibility, as I play in traffic a lot.

Step 1: Start from the final score, and work backwards.

The basic premise of this approach is that the only statistics that matter are the final score, and the numbers that impact that final score. To that end, the two most important statistics for each team are the number of shots attempted, and the points scored per shot. Basketball is a really simple game. You win by some combination of taking more shots than your opponent and being more efficient with your shots then your opponent. Counting shots is a little bit tricky, as you have to account for both free throw attempts and field goal attempts in a way that makes sense. For reasons that I have described previously, the best way to do this is to calculate "shots" as FGA + 0.475 x FTA. With a way to count shots, calculating the points scored per shot is easy. For historical reasons, rather than reporting points per shot, statgeeks commonly use true shooting percentage, which is just

TS% = 0.5 x points/(FGA + 0.475 x FTA)

With true shooting percentages for each team, and the number of shots attempted by each team, we have taken the first step required in understanding the outcome of a basketball game. A team with the advantage in both true shooting percentage and the number of shots attempted wins 100 percent of the time. If one team has an advantage in true shooting percentage while the other team took more shots, we can use the rule of thumb that a 0.01 differential in TS% is worth approximately 1. 3 extra shots to weigh the relative importance of these two numbers. This rule of thumb almost always works for NCAA basketball games, although it is not quite right if a game is played at an exceptionally slow or exceptionally fast pace.

With step 1 complete, we now understand how differences in shooting efficiency and the number of shots between the teams affected the game outcome. The four remaining steps will provide more detail to help understand these two factors.

Step 2: Two margins that matter.

Total rebounding margin, a commonly cited statistic, is not all that helpful when it comes to understanding wins and losses in basketball. But offensive rebounding margin can be very helpful. Offensive rebounding margin factors directly into understanding why one team took more shots than the other team.

For a similar reason, turnover margin is important. To a good approximation the differential in the number of shots each team attempted is simply

{shot differential} = {offensive rebounding margin} - {turnover margin}

where "shot differential" refers to the difference in FGA + 0. 475 x FTA between the two teams. Taking more shots than your opponent is one of the ways that you can win, and more shots generally come from an advantage in offensive rebounding margin and turnover margin.

With step 2 complete, we know understand the role that offensive rebounding and turnovers played in creating a shot number advantage for one of the two teams. Step 3 will help us to better interpret these margins.

Step 3: Rebounding and turnover percentages provide more detail about shot differential.

Offensive and defensive rebounding percentages can be calculated for teams, and can be estimated for individual players. Studying rebounding percentages generally helps with understanding the offensive rebounding margin. The team offensive rebounding percentage is the percentage of possible rebounds that a team's offense collected. For NCAA division one basketball, offensive rebounding percentages typically fall between 30 and 35 percent. Anything that falls outside this range indicates that a team was unusually strong or weak on the glass.

Individual offensive rebounding percentages are estimates of the available offensive rebounds that a player grabbed while on the floor. Individual defensive rebounding percentages can also be estimated. When I am trying to understand a game that had a large rebounding margin, I usually start off by studying the offensive and defensive rebounding percentages of the big guys. For an individual player, a number of around 10 percent or greater for offensive rebounding percentage generally indicates a strong offensive rebounding performance. For defensive rebounding percentage, if a team's big men don't average around 20 to 25 percent, it usually leads to trouble. Of course, it is also important to look at the rebounding percentages of guards, as many guards make important contributions on the glass. Guards with a defensive rebounding percentage greater than about 10 percent are a big help to their team's rebounding efforts.

Team and individual turnover percentages are also helpful. Team turnover percentage is straightforward; it is simply an estimate of the percentage of team possessions that end in a turnover. In general for college basketball, anything lower than 20 percent is good for the offense, and anything greater than 20 percent is bad.

Individual turnover percentages take us further, although they have to be interpreted carefully. Each possession ends with one player either taking a shot or turning the ball over(*). For each player, the turnover percentage is calculated by determining the percentage of possessions that end with the ball in a player's hands that results in a turnover. Individual turnover percentage is a helpful statistic, but it has to be interpreted carefully. What a player is asked to do on offense has a big effect on turnover percentage. A catch-and-shoot three point shooter will likely have a low turnover percentage, while a ball handling point guard typically has a higher turnover percentage. Players who handle the ball a lot but seldom shoot generally have artificially high turnover percentages. For this reason, it is very important to consider individual turnover percentages in the context of what a player is asked to do. If a pass oriented point guard has 20 percent turnover percentage, he is probably helping his team, whereas a big man who turns the ball over in 20 percent of his possessions probably is hurting.

(* Note: this is not completely true. There are usually one or two turnovers per game that are charged to a team, rather than an individual player.)

With step 3 complete, we now understand how well each team did at rebounding and turnovers, and can determine how individual players impacted these results.

Step 4: Put the team true shooting percentages into context.

This step is short. Generally, a team true shooting percentage much greater than about 0.550 indicates some combination of a good shooting and bad defense. A team true shooting percentage of 0.500 or less indicates some combination of poor shooting and good defense.

With step 4 complete, we now know if each team generally shot well, or shot poorly. The final step will provide some insight into how individual performances affect true shooting percentage.

Step 5: Determine the impact of individual players on team true shooting percentages.

Team true shooting percentage is a complex aggregate of the performance of individual players. To help unwind this, I use a tool called Points Above Median (PAM).

I do a little calculation after every game to help quickly identify which players are doing the most damage with their scoring. It helps me to identify which players are giving their team both efficiency (as measured by true shooting percentage) and volume (as measured by the number of shots they take). The theory behind this calculation is simple. Let's say a player takes a ton of shots, but misses a bunch of them. Players like this will often rack up a decent point total, but will use a lot of shots to do it. These players provide scoring volume (something a team needs), but not much efficiency. There are other players that will take very few shots, but do so with great efficiency. These players help a team, but the impact of their low volume scoring can only be so great. In a good scoring game, a player will combine both volume and efficiency.

To measure how much each individual player affects team true shooting percentage on offense, I calculate how many points above a baseline value that each player scores, given the number of shots attempted. For the baseline, I use the median level of points a team in the NCAA scores on shots from the floor, 0.96 points per shot. This was more or less an arbitrary choice. The PAM calculation I do for each player after each game is

PAM = points - 0.96 x (FGA + 0.475 x FTA)

A PAM of two or greater is pretty good, while anything negative is not. Individual games where a player has a PAM as high as 10 are rare, but will occasionally happen. When you are quickly eyeballing the box score of a game, it is perfectly reasonable to estimate PAM as

PAMest = points - (FGA + FTA/2)

Understanding the impact of individual defense on opponent true shooting percentage from box score statistics is difficult. But one easy measure to look at is something called shot block percentage. To calculate shot block percentage, you first assume that all blocked shots come on two point attempts. This isn't quite right, but is close enough to provide a reasonable estimate. Team shot block percentage is an estimate of the fraction of opposing two point attempts that were blocked. The NCAA median team shot block percentage is about nine percent. The University of Kentucky led the nation in shot block percentage last season, blocking an estimated 20 percent of opponent two point attempts(*). It is also possible to estimate individual shot block percentages. A number greater than five percent is pretty good. Jeff Withey of Kansas led the nation in shot block percentage last season, turning away an estimated of 15 percent of opponent attempts.

(* It turns out in the case of Kentucky, the estimate is off by a few percentage points; based on play-by-play data Kentucky blocked about 18 percent of opponent two point attempts. The estimate is off because the Wildcats blocked 4 percent of opponent three point shots, which is a very high percentage. For comparison, the third best shot blocking team was Connecticut, and the Huskies blocked 1 percent of opponent three point attempts, which is a typical value.)

With step 5 complete, we now know how individual players affected team shooting efficiency, and understand the role that team shot blocking as well as individual shot blockers played in determining shooting efficiency.

Now you can become a statgeek

Beyond these two measures, there is a lot of information to help explain true shooting percentage that is not in the box score. I make heavy use of play-by-play data, but compiling individual game play-by-play data can be tedious without the computer programs I have built to speed the process. So that sort of work will take more effort to recreate if I am hit by a bus.

Even without play-by-play data, there is a tremendous amount of information available in a box score. Only basic arithmetic is needed to extract this information. All you need is a pocket calculator or a spreadsheet.

Slamdunk Journal :: Basketballs

In this article, we will explain how basketballs differ and how to choose the right one.

In this article, we will explain how basketballs differ and how to choose the right one.

The size and design of Nike basketballs meet the diverse needs and demands of the league. Having the necessary information, you can easily choose the right ball.

Most Nike basketballs come in three sizes for different players: children's, women's (or youth) and formal.

Construction

Inner layer

The inner layer of a basketball is called a chamber, it is filled with air and is a durable butyl spherical frame that retains its shape well.

Interesting facts. Butyl retains air longer. The chambers are made of latex.

Second layer

The next layer around the chamber increases the durability of the ball, and the material it is made from depends on the type of ball.

Third layer

The next layer is made from vulcanized rubber. The vulcanized rubber is treated with sulfur under high temperature, which improves durability and elasticity, improving ball bounce.

Outer layer

This layer is called a covering and is made of composite (a mixture of high quality leather and synthetic fibers) or synthetic leather, depending on the qualities required.

Air-lock technology

Fully adjustable technology that provides secure air retention for durability and performance retention.

Coating materials

Surface texture

There are many types of basketball surface depending on the type of game.

Coarse-grained surface.
Most Nike basketballs feature a coarse-grained surface for precise ball control and reliable grip throughout the game.

Grained surface with cross strokes.
This surface is similar to industrial diamond coating. The grooves between the strokes are rounded to allow less dirt to enter than with a conventional grained design.

Number of panels

Basketballs are made up of panels. Usually balls are made of 4, 6 or 8 panels. Also, the panels differ in shape, size and location on the ball.

Channels

The areas separating the panels are called channels and are fused with the ball.

The channels can be deep or wide depending on the ball, but they all serve the same purpose: to provide finger support for secure grip when passing, shooting and catching the ball.

Wraparound

One of the options for the design of the panels is wrapping. This design is used in some basketballs in the Signature collection.

Features

Wrap-around panel design (also known as 4-panel ball) reduces the number of intersecting channels on the sides of the ball.

Why is it great

This makes it easier to find support for the fingers when throwing and provides a strong hold in the hands and rotation of the ball.

Basketball Collections

As with many sports, the key when choosing a basketball is to find one that meets all requirements: indoor or outdoor play, size, grip and preferred channel size. Nike basketballs are divided into collections: Elite (or Indoor), Signature and Outdoor.

Slamdunk.su

Basketball: history, rules, inventory, playground

Basketball (from English basket - basket, ball - ball) is an Olympic sport, a sports team game with a ball, the goal of which is to throw the ball into the opponent's basket more times than the opposing team does at the set time. Each team consists of 5 field players.

Contents

• The history of the emergence and development of basketball
• Basketball rules (briefly)
• Basketball field
• Basketball
• Basketball hoop and backboard dimensions
• Refereeing in basketball
• Basketball Federation

The history of the emergence and development of basketball

In 1891, in the United States of America, a young teacher, a native of Canada, Dr. James Naismith, trying to "revive" gymnastics lessons, attached two fruit baskets to the railing of the balcony and suggested throwing soccer balls into it. The resulting game only remotely resembled modern basketball. There was no question of any management, the players threw the ball to each other and then tried to throw it into the basket. The team that scored the most goals won.

A year later, Naismith developed the first rules of basketball. The very first matches under these rules caused their first changes.

Gradually, basketball from the United States penetrated first to the East - Japan, China, the Philippines, and then to Europe and South America. After 10 years at the Olympic Games in St. Louis, the Americans organized a demonstration tour between the teams of several cities. The Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed in 1946. The first match under her auspices took place on November 1 of the same year in Toronto between the Toronto Huskies and New York Knickerbockers. At 19In 1949, the association merged with the US National Basketball League to form the National Basketball Association (NBA). In 1967, the American Basketball Association was created, which for a long time tried to compete with the NBA, but merged with it 9 years later. Today, the NBA is one of the most influential and well-known professional basketball leagues in the world.

The International Amateur Basketball Federation was founded in 1932. The federation includes 8 countries: Argentina, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania. Sweden, Czechoslovakia. Based on the name, it was assumed that the organization would only lead amateur basketball, however, at 1989, professional basketball players received admission to international competitions, and the word "amateur" was removed from the name.

The very first international match took place in 1904, and in 1936 basketball entered the program of the Summer Olympic Games.

Basketball rules (briefly)

The rules of the game of basketball changed several times until 2004, when the final version of the rules took shape, which is considered relevant to this day.

1. Basketball is played by two teams. Usually a team consists of 12 people, 5 of which are field players, and the rest are considered substitutes.
2. Basketball dribbling . Athletes in possession of the ball must move around the field, hitting the floor with it. Otherwise, "carrying the ball" will be counted, and this is a violation of the rules in basketball. Accidentally touching the ball with a body part other than the hand is not considered a foul, unlike purposeful play with the foot or fist.
3. A basketball game consists of 4 periods or halves, but the time of each half (play time) varies depending on the basketball association. So, for example, in NBA a match consists of 4 halves of 12 minutes each, and in FIBA ​​each such half lasts 10 minutes.
4. Short breaks are provided between periods, and between the second and third periods, the break time is increased.
5. The ball thrown into the basket can bring a different number of points to its team. If the ball is scored during the free throw, the team earns 1 point. If the ball is thrown from an average or close distance (closer than the 3-point line), then the team is given 2 points. A team earns three points if the ball is scored from behind the three-point line.
6. If in regular time both teams scored the same number of points, then a 5-minute overtime is assigned, if it ended in a draw, then the next one is assigned and so on until the winner is determined.
7. 3 Second Rule - A rule that prohibits any player on the offensive team from being in the free throw area for more than three seconds.
8. Basketball two step rule . The player is only allowed to take two steps with the ball, after which he must either shoot or pass.

Basketball field

The playing field for basketball has a rectangular shape and a hard surface. The surface of the site must not have any bends, cracks or any other deformations. The size of the basketball court must be 28 meters long and 15 meters wide (standard). The height of the ceiling must be at least 7 meters, and on professional sites, ceilings are raised to a height of 12 meters and above. The lighting on the field must be designed so as not to interfere with the movement of the players and must evenly cover the entire court.

Until the end of the 60s, tournaments could be organized outdoors. However, now basketball games are played only in closed areas.

Site marking

1. limit lines. Pass along the entire perimeter of the site (2 short front lines and 2 long side lines).
2. Central line. It is drawn from one side line to another and at the same time it is parallel to the front lines.
3. The central zone is a circle (radius 1.80 m) and is located exactly in the center of the basketball field.
4. Three-point lines are semi-circles with a radius of 6.75 m, drawn to the intersection with parallel (front) lines.
5. Free throw lines. The free-throw line is drawn 3.60 m long parallel to each end line so that its far edge is located at a distance of 5.80 meters from the inside edge of the end line, and its middle is on an imaginary line connecting the midpoints of both end lines.

Basketball

The basketball is spherical, painted an approved shade of orange, and has a pattern of eight inlays and black stitching.

Basketball hoop and backboard dimensions

The height of the basketball hoop from the floor level is 3. 05 meters (standard). The diameter of the basketball hoop ranges from 45 cm to 45.7 cm. The ring itself must be painted bright orange. A special net with a length of 40-45 cm is attached to the ring. The basketball hoop is located at a distance of 15 cm from the backboard.

The shield to which the ring is attached also has a number of important parameters. Basketball backboard size: width - 1.8 m, height - 1.05 m. Modern basketball backboards are made of tempered glass.

Refereeing in basketball

At the basketball game there are:

• senior judge and judge;
• timekeeper;
• secretary;
• assistant secretary;
• operator 30 seconds.

Judge uniform:

• gray shirt;
• long black trousers;
• black basketball shoes.

Basketball Federation

• International Basketball Federation (FR. Fédération Internationale de Basketball, FIBA).

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